{
  "name": "Reported silicon anode figures across three 2025-2026 reviews",
  "description": "Headline silicon-anode quantities (capacity, expansion, critical particle size, Coulombic efficiency requirements, example initial efficiencies) as stated in three open-access peer-reviewed reviews, compiled side by side with the source of each value so differing figures can be compared on a stated basis.",
  "page": "https://casrai.org/guides/silicon-anode",
  "publisher": "CASRAI",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "dateModified": "2026-11-12T21:02:20Z",
  "temporalCoverage": "2025/2026",
  "spatialCoverage": null,
  "columns": [
    {
      "name": "Quantity",
      "unit": "",
      "description": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "Value",
      "unit": "",
      "description": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "Unit",
      "unit": "",
      "description": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "Source",
      "unit": "",
      "description": ""
    }
  ],
  "rows": [
    {
      "Quantity": "Silicon theoretical capacity (Li15Si4)",
      "Value": 3579,
      "Unit": "mAh/g",
      "Source": "Nepal and Dhakal 2026"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Silicon fully lithiated phase capacity",
      "Value": 4200,
      "Unit": "mAh/g",
      "Source": "Zhang et al. 2025"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Graphite reference capacity",
      "Value": 360,
      "Unit": "mAh/g",
      "Source": "Nepal and Dhakal 2026"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Graphite limited specific capacity",
      "Value": 372,
      "Unit": "mAh/g",
      "Source": "Pavlovskii et al. 2026"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Silicon expansion at Li15Si4 (up to)",
      "Value": 300,
      "Unit": "%",
      "Source": "Nepal and Dhakal 2026"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Silicon expansion, bulk (up to, approx.)",
      "Value": 400,
      "Unit": "%",
      "Source": "Pavlovskii et al. 2026"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Silicon expansion, Table 1 value",
      "Value": 420,
      "Unit": "%",
      "Source": "Zhang et al. 2025"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Graphite expansion (below)",
      "Value": 15,
      "Unit": "%",
      "Source": "Nepal and Dhakal 2026"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Crystalline Si critical particle size (below)",
      "Value": 150,
      "Unit": "nm",
      "Source": "Zhang et al. 2025"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Amorphous Si critical size (approx.)",
      "Value": 870,
      "Unit": "nm",
      "Source": "Zhang et al. 2025"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "CE needed for 1000 full-cell cycles (approx.)",
      "Value": 99.98,
      "Unit": "%",
      "Source": "Nepal and Dhakal 2026"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "CE needed for 500 cycles (above)",
      "Value": 99.95,
      "Unit": "%",
      "Source": "Nepal and Dhakal 2026"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "CE needed for 250 cycles (above)",
      "Value": 99.9,
      "Unit": "%",
      "Source": "Nepal and Dhakal 2026"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Si@SiOx@C dual-shell ICE (example)",
      "Value": 91,
      "Unit": "%",
      "Source": "Nepal and Dhakal 2026"
    },
    {
      "Quantity": "Si@C design ICE (example)",
      "Value": 74.9,
      "Unit": "%",
      "Source": "Nepal and Dhakal 2026"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Nepal and Dhakal, Silicon Anodes for Next-Generation Li-Ion Batteries, Small Science 2026",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13516851/",
      "accessed": "2026-11-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "Zhang et al., Silicon-based anodes for solid-state batteries, RSC Advances 2025",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12442552/",
      "accessed": "2026-11-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "Pavlovskii et al., Nanostructured Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries, Materials 2026",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12842676/",
      "accessed": "2026-11-12"
    }
  ]
}