The F31 NIH grant — formally the Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA Individual Predoctoral Fellowship — funds a named PhD or MD/PhD student’s dissertation research under a sponsor’s mentorship. It is one of four career-stage mechanisms, alongside the postdoctoral F32, the K-series career development awards, and the investigator-level DP2, each carrying distinct eligibility, effort and transfer rules that research offices must administer correctly.
An F31 is defined by the National Institutes of Health as an individual fellowship that provides up to five years of stipend, tuition and training-related support directly to a predoctoral trainee named on the award — not to the sponsoring institution. That distinction, individual named award versus institutional block grant, drives most of the administrative complexity across the F31, F32, K and DP2 portfolio.
This guide is written for research administration offices and sponsored-programs staff who process, endorse and monitor these awards — not for applicants drafting a Specific Aims page. It focuses on the governance layer: eligibility, sponsor certification and what happens administratively when a trainee moves.
Table of contents
- What is the F31 NIH grant, and who administers it?
- How do F31, F32, K and DP2 differ in eligibility and purpose?
- What sponsor and institutional requirements apply?
- How does transferability work when a trainee changes institutions?
- Frequently asked questions
- What does this mean for research offices?
What is the F31 NIH grant, and who administers it?
The F31 is issued under two parent announcements: the standard F31 (PA-23-272), open to any eligible predoctoral applicant, and the F31-Diversity award (PA-23-271), for students from groups underrepresented in biomedical research. Both are administered by the individual NIH Institute or Center (IC) matching the applicant’s research area — NCI for cancer, NINDS for neuroscience, NICHD for developmental biology.
Applications are accepted three times a year, with standard due dates of 8 April, 8 August and 8 December. The gap between submission and an earliest start is roughly 10–12 months — a detail offices should factor into bridge-funding and payroll continuity planning.
The award is issued to the named fellow, with the institution acting as grantee administering funds on the fellow’s behalf — a structure to distinguish clearly from the T32, described below.
How do F31, F32, K and DP2 differ in eligibility and purpose?
All four mechanisms fund people rather than projects in isolation, but they target different career stages and carry different institutional obligations. Research offices administering more than one of these concurrently need a single reference point for eligibility, duration and effort.
| Mechanism | Career stage | Support type | Typical duration | Effort commitment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F31 | Predoctoral (PhD/MD-PhD student) | Individual fellowship | Up to 5 years | Full-time dissertation research training |
| F32 | Postdoctoral, within early years of the doctorate | Individual fellowship | Up to 3 years | Full-time supervised research training |
| K award (mentored series) | Postdoc or junior faculty, not yet independently funded | Career development award | Typically 3–5 years | Minimum 9 person-months (75% full-time professional effort) for most mentored K awards |
| DP2 | Early-stage investigator (independent PI role) | Research project grant | 5 years | Substantial PI-level commitment; no preliminary-data requirement |
The K-series is a family, not one award. Mentored variants — K01, K08 and K23 among them — require a named mentor and a structured career development plan, functioning like an F32 with a heavier protected-time obligation. The K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award is a special two-phase case: a mentored K99 phase (up to two years) followed by an independent R00 phase (up to three years), restricted to applicants with no more than four years of postdoctoral experience at application — a hard eligibility gate offices must check before endorsement.
DP2, the NIH Director’s New Innovator Award, sits inside the NIH Common Fund’s High-Risk, High-Reward Research programme alongside the Pioneer (DP1) and Early Independence (DP5) awards. It is restricted to Early Stage Investigators — generally within ten years of a terminal degree or clinical residency, with no substantial NIH independent-research history — and does not require preliminary data, shifting institutional review toward verifying ESI status.
It is worth distinguishing all four from the T32 training grant NIH mechanism and R25 research education awards, which offices often confuse with these. A T32 is an institutional award: NIH funds the institution, which selects and appoints trainees, creating recurring obligations an individual F31 or F32 does not carry. An R25 funds curriculum or structured training programmes rather than a named individual’s stipend.
What sponsor and institutional requirements apply?
Every F31, F32 and mentored K application requires a named primary sponsor with an active, fundable research programme and a documented track record of training fellows. Co-sponsors are permitted where they bring complementary expertise, and the sponsor’s statement — mentoring history, prior trainees’ outcomes, training environment — carries real weight in review; a generic, templated sponsor letter is treated as a risk signal.
Institutional obligations research offices must certify include:
- Domestic, accredited institution status for the awardee’s programme
- A mentoring plan matched to the mechanism’s career stage
- Citizenship or permanent-residency verification for F31 and F32 fellows — international trainees on F-1, J-1 or H-1B visas are not eligible for these NRSA fellowships
- Effort certification consistent with the mechanism, including the 75% minimum for most mentored K awards
- Just-in-time and progress-report submission on the awarding IC’s schedule
For DP2, the check shifts to confirming Early Stage Investigator classification in the applicant’s NIH eRA Commons profile and verifying an independent PI-eligible appointment.
How does transferability work when a trainee changes institutions?
F31 and F32 awards are tied to the institution named at award, not fully portable in the way an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship is. A fellow who moves institutions requires a new Change of Sponsoring Institution request processed through the awarding IC, with a new sponsor statement and certification — offices should treat this as a distinct administrative action, not a routine transfer.
Mentored K awards raise a further question: because the award is built around a specific mentor-mentee relationship, a change of primary mentor or institution generally requires prior IC approval and a revised career development plan, not merely a notice.
Are F31 grants being cancelled? This is a live compliance issue, not a hypothetical. Published analysis in a 2026 PubMed Central article documented that in 2025 the NIH terminated a cohort of Kirschstein NRSA predoctoral fellowship awards, spanning both general F31 and F31-Diversity mechanisms, disrupting funding continuity mid-fellowship. Offices should build a termination-risk monitoring step into standard award administration rather than assume multi-year NRSA fellowships are immune to mid-cycle non-continuation.
Frequently asked questions
What is a NIH F31 grant?
The F31 is the Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA Individual Predoctoral Fellowship, an NIH mechanism that funds a named PhD or MD/PhD student’s dissertation research in the biomedical, behavioural or clinical sciences under a sponsor’s mentorship for up to five years.
What is the NIH F31 allowance?
F31 support covers a stipend, tuition and fees up to 60% of the requested amount or a fixed annual cap, and an institutional allowance for health insurance, research supplies and conference travel; exact figures are set annually on NIH’s published NRSA stipend schedule.
Who is eligible for the F31 grant?
Eligible applicants must be U.S. citizens, non-citizen nationals or permanent residents enrolled in a research doctoral programme at a domestic institution, typically at or approaching the dissertation research stage, with a committed sponsor holding an active research programme.
Are F31 grants being cancelled?
Yes — 2025 saw documented terminations of active F31 and F31-Diversity awards, according to peer-reviewed analysis published in PubMed Central, making mid-cycle non-continuation a real administrative risk institutions must now track for NRSA predoctoral cohorts, not a purely theoretical scenario.
What does this mean for research offices?
A single office frequently administers all four mechanisms at once — a first-year PhD candidate on an F31, a new postdoc on an F32, a junior faculty member on a mentored K, and a recently independent investigator holding a DP2. Treating these as one undifferentiated “trainee grants” category is the most common governance error: each carries its own citizenship rule, effort floor, sponsor bar and transfer procedure.
Given the documented 2025 F31 termination pattern, offices should extend standard award-monitoring practice down to the individual fellowship level, maintaining a career-stage matrix that flags citizenship status, effort deadlines, sponsor changes and Early Stage Investigator clocks across F31, F32, K and DP2 holders in one view — the governance layer that catches a transfer, termination or compliance issue early. This tracking is a natural extension of the broader standards work covered in CASRAI’s research administration resources.