Skip to main content
v2026.1714 entries · CC-BY 4.0
Dictionary termTrack CStablev2026.2

Software citation (Software Citation Working Group)

The practice of citing research software in the reference list of a publication, with sufficient metadata (authors, title, version, persistent identifier, role) to credit creators and enable retrieval of the cited version.

ByCASRAI Editorial Board
· Last updated 21 May 2026

Examples

Worked examples

  • Is an instance

    A reference list entry citing Astropy v5.3.4 with its Zenodo DOI and CITATION.cff metadata.

  • Is an instance

    A bioinformatics paper citing BWA v0.7.17 with version, DOI, and authors.

Counter-examples

Looks similar, but isn't

  • Not an instance

    A footnote saying 'analysis performed in R' with no version or citation.

  • Not an instance

    A paper that thanks 'open-source tools' without naming any.

Editorial commentary

FORCE11's Software Citation Working Group published the Software Citation Principles in 2016 (Smith et al.), defining importance, credit and attribution, unique identification, persistence, accessibility, and specificity (down to the version). The Citation File Format (CITATION.cff) is the principal machine-readable expression supporting these principles.

References

  • Smith, Katz, Niemeyer, 'Software citation principles' (PeerJ Computer Science, 2016).

Also known as

FORCE11 Software Citation Principles

Machine-readable encodings

Use in your systems

JATS XML <role> element
xml
<role vocab="credit"
      vocab-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/"
      vocab-term="Software citation (Software Citation Working Group)"
      vocab-term-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/software-citation-fair-working-group" />
Schema.org DefinedTerm (JSON-LD)
json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "DefinedTerm",
  "name": "Software citation (Software Citation Working Group)",
  "identifier": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/software-citation-fair-working-group",
  "description": "The practice of citing research software in the reference list of a publication, with sufficient metadata (authors, title, version, persistent identifier, role) to credit creators and enable retrieval of the cited version.",
  "inDefinedTermSet": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/domain/reproducibility-and-computational-research/",
  "url": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/software-citation-fair-working-group",
  "sameAs": [
    "FORCE11 Software Citation Principles"
  ],
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
}

Adopted by research universities worldwide

University of Cambridge logoColumbia University logoUniversity of Edinburgh logoHarvard University logoMassachusetts Institute of Technology logoUniversity of Oxford logoPrinceton University logoStanford School of Medicine logoUniversity College London logoUniversity of Cambridge logoColumbia University logoUniversity of Edinburgh logoHarvard University logoMassachusetts Institute of Technology logoUniversity of Oxford logoPrinceton University logoStanford School of Medicine logoUniversity College London logo
  • University of Cambridge logo
  • Columbia University logo
  • University of Edinburgh logo
  • Harvard University logo
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology logo
  • University of Oxford logo
  • Princeton University logo
  • Stanford School of Medicine logo
  • University College London logo

View CASRAI adoption →