ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022 · 14 roles
The 14 CRediT contributor roles
The 14 CRediT roles are Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing — original draft, and Writing — review & editing. They are grouped into four functional categories under ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022.
The step most authors miss
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Grouped by functional category
The 14 roles in detail
Each card opens the role's canonical-definition page with degree-qualifier guidance and a worked example.
Planning & design
3 roles in this category
Conceptualization
Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
Canonical definition →Methodology
Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
Canonical definition →Software
Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
Canonical definition →Research & analysis
5 roles in this category
Data curation
Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use.
Canonical definition →Formal analysis
Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesise study data.
Canonical definition →Investigation
Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.
Canonical definition →Resources
Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.
Canonical definition →Validation
Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.
Canonical definition →Communication
3 roles in this category
Visualization
Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization / data presentation.
Canonical definition →Writing — original draft
Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).
Canonical definition →Writing — review & editing
Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision — including pre- or post-publication stages.
Canonical definition →Management
3 roles in this category
Funding acquisition
Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
Canonical definition →Project administration
Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
Canonical definition →Supervision
Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.
Canonical definition →
