- What ROARMAP catalogues, and why it matters
- How cOAlition S members’ policies are catalogued
- Using the registry to compare institutional and funder mandates
- What the changing legal landscape means for research administrators
When a research office needs to check whether a funder requires immediate deposit or permits a twelve-month embargo, guesswork is not good enough. The registry of open access repository mandates and policies — known by its acronym ROARMAP — exists precisely to remove that guesswork. Maintained by the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton, it is a searchable, international catalogue of the open access mandates that universities, research institutions and funders have adopted, and it remains one of the few places where those policies can be compared side by side rather than tracked down one funder website at a time.
This matters more in 2026 than it did a decade ago. Funder mandates have multiplied, cOAlition S members continue to refine Plan S implementation, and — as a June 2026 German constitutional ruling shows — even settled mandates can be challenged in court. Research administrators, library staff and compliance officers need a single reference point that tracks all of it. ROARMAP is that reference point.
What ROARMAP catalogues, and why it matters
ROARMAP began life in 2003 as the Institutional Archives Registry, built by the EPrints team at the University of Southampton. It was renamed the Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies in 2006, then adjusted again, settling on its current name — Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies — around 2014. Throughout those renamings, its purpose stayed constant: track every publicly documented policy that requires or encourages researchers to make peer-reviewed outputs openly accessible, usually by depositing a copy in a repository.
ROARMAP has a companion registry, ROAR (the Registry of Open Access Repositories), which indexes the repositories themselves rather than the policies that govern them. The distinction trips people up regularly, so it is worth setting out clearly alongside a third commonly confused resource, OpenDOAR.
| Registry | What it indexes | Typical use case |
|---|---|---|
| ROARMAP | Open access mandates and policies from institutions and funders | Checking what a funder or institution requires |
| ROAR | Open access repositories themselves — location, size, growth | Finding where a repository is hosted |
| OpenDOAR | Curated, vetted directory of repositories and their technical metadata | Selecting a compliant repository to deposit into |
Entries in ROARMAP are not uniform in strength. Some record a simple recommendation to self-archive; others are mandatory policies where compliance is tied to continued grant funding — the sanction that gives a mandate real teeth. As of the last widely cited published count, ROARMAP had catalogued policies from more than 520 universities and over 75 research funders worldwide, a figure that has continued to grow as more institutions formalise their open access requirements.
How cOAlition S members’ policies are catalogued
cOAlition S is the group of research funders — including national funders, charitable foundations and the European Commission — that came together in 2018 to implement Plan S, the requirement that publicly funded research be made immediately open access without embargo. Because cOAlition S members are funders rather than repository operators, their individual mandates are exactly the kind of entry ROARMAP was built to hold.
Each cOAlition S member’s policy is entered as a discrete record, so an administrator can look up, for example, what a specific national research council requires on licensing (typically CC BY), acceptable routes to compliance (Gold, Green with a zero-embargo repository deposit, or a transformative agreement), and how the policy interacts with the funder’s own compliance-monitoring tools, such as the Journal Checker Tool. Because ROARMAP predates Plan S by more than a decade, it also preserves the pre-2018 policy text for many of these funders, which is useful when institutions need to establish exactly when a requirement changed.
This is a genuine information gain over simply reading each funder’s website individually: ROARMAP lets an administrator filter by funder type, country and adoption date, surfacing patterns — such as clusters of European funders tightening embargo terms in the same policy cycle — that are invisible from any single funder’s own page.
Using the registry to compare institutional and funder mandates
For day-to-day compliance work, ROARMAP is used less as a browsing tool and more as a lookup and benchmarking tool. A typical workflow for a research administrator looks like this:
- Search by country or institution name to confirm whether a specific university has a formal mandate, and since when.
- Filter by policymaker type — funder versus institution — to separate overlapping obligations on a single researcher.
- Check the deposit timing and permitted embargo period recorded against each policy.
- Note the required manuscript version — preprint, accepted manuscript or version of record.
- Compare licensing requirements (commonly CC BY) where the policy specifies one.
- Benchmark a draft institutional policy against comparable peer institutions before it goes to committee.
This benchmarking use case is one of ROARMAP’s most practical applications. Rather than drafting an institutional open access policy from a blank page, a policy officer can pull several comparable universities’ mandates from the registry, line up their deposit windows and enforcement mechanisms, and use that comparison to justify the strength of a proposed new policy to institutional leadership.
What is an open access repository?
An open access repository is a freely accessible digital archive where researchers self-archive peer-reviewed articles, preprints or accepted manuscripts so readers can access them without a paywall. Universities run institutional repositories; funders and disciplines run subject-based ones. ROARMAP catalogues the policies requiring deposit — not the repositories themselves.
How does OpenDOAR differ from ROARMAP?
OpenDOAR is a curated directory listing vetted open access repositories and their technical characteristics, while ROARMAP lists the mandates and policies that require deposit into those repositories. Administrators typically use OpenDOAR to identify a compliant repository, then check ROARMAP to confirm whether deposit is compulsory and on what terms.
What is self-archiving, and how do ROARMAP-listed policies define it?
Self-archiving — the “Green” route to open access — means an author deposits a manuscript into a repository alongside, or instead of, publishing openly with a journal. Policies catalogued in ROARMAP typically specify the deposit timing, permitted embargo length, and which manuscript version satisfies the mandate.
What are the drawbacks of relying on open access mandates?
Mandates catalogued in registries such as ROARMAP vary widely in enforcement: some merely encourage deposit while others tie compliance to grant payment. Weak or unmonitored policies show low actual deposit rates, embargo terms conflict across funders, and legal challenges — as seen in Germany in 2026 — can unsettle even long-established mandates.
What the changing legal landscape means for research administrators
ROARMAP’s value is not static, and 2026 has already supplied a reminder of why. In June, Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court struck down a state-level bylaw at the University of Konstanz that would have compelled researchers to exercise their statutory secondary-publication right — ruling that regulating copyright through employment or institutional statute conflicted with the federal government’s exclusive legislative competence over copyright law. The University of Konstanz noted afterwards that the ruling changed little in practice, because the great majority of its researchers already deposit voluntarily. But the case is a useful illustration for administrators elsewhere: a mandate’s formal status, its legal basis and its actual compliance rate can diverge, and a registry entry captures only the first of those three.
That gap between formal mandate and practical uptake is exactly why registries such as ROARMAP function as compliance infrastructure rather than mere reference material. Institutions revising their own open access policy — whether to align with cOAlition S requirements, respond to a national research assessment exercise, or pre-empt a legal challenge — need a documented, dated record of what comparable institutions and funders actually require, not an assumption based on the last policy a colleague happened to read. For a wider view of how these obligations sit alongside contributorship and compliance frameworks more broadly, CASRAI’s research administration resources and dictionary of research terms provide further grounding.
As funder policies continue to tighten and jurisdictions test the legal limits of mandated deposit, expect ROARMAP’s role to shift from a static archive towards a living reference that research offices consult routinely, alongside compliance checkers and repository directories, whenever a grant agreement, tenure case or institutional policy review depends on knowing exactly what an open access mandate actually requires.
