Supervision

In practice — medical research context

When this role applies

Encoding

Use in your systems

<role vocab="credit"
      vocab-identifier="https://casrai.org/credit"
      vocab-term="Supervision"
      vocab-term-identifier="https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision" />

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "DefinedTerm",
  "@id": "https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision",
  "name": "Supervision",
  "identifier": "https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision",
  "description": "Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.",
  "inDefinedTermSet": "https://casrai.org/credit",
  "url": "https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "bibliographicCitation": "CASRAI Editorial Board (2026). Supervision — CRediT contributor role (v2022.1). CASRAI. https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision",
  "citation": "https://casrai.org/credit/citation",
  "dateModified": "2022-08-01",
  "version": "2022.1",
  "inLanguage": "en",
  "audience": {
    "@type": "Audience",
    "audienceType": "Researchers, editors, publishers, librarians"
  }
}

<contributor sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
  <given_name>Jane</given_name>
  <surname>Doe</surname>
  <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-XXXX-XXXX</ORCID>
  <credit_roles>
    <credit_role vocab-term-identifier="https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision">Supervision</credit_role>
  </credit_roles>
</contributor>

Identifiers

Persistent identifiers

Frequently asked

Common questions about Supervision

What does the "Supervision" CRediT role mean?

Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.

How do I cite "Supervision" in an author contribution statement?

Per ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022, list the contributor's name followed by their CRediT role(s). Example: "A. Smith — Supervision". You can add an optional degree qualifier (lead / equal / supporting) when several authors share a role. See CASRAI's author-statement guidance at https://casrai.org/credit/for-authors for templates and worked examples.

What is the canonical machine-readable URI for "Supervision"?

The canonical URI is https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision. Use this in JATS XML (vocab-term-identifier), Crossref deposits (credit_role), JSON-LD (sameAs), and any system that stores contributor metadata. CASRAI's encoding guides cover JATS, Crossref Schema 5.5, and JSON-LD at https://casrai.org/credit/jats and https://casrai.org/credit/json-ld.

Can one author hold "Supervision" plus other CRediT roles?

Yes — CRediT roles are not mutually exclusive. A single contributor typically holds 3–4 roles. The optional "lead / equal / supporting" qualifier clarifies the contributor's relative responsibility within each role they share with others.

Cite this role

Cite the Supervision role

These citations reference this specific role page as a standards-body definition aligned with ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022. For guidance on citing CRediT generally, the underlying standard, or worked statement examples, see How to cite CRediT.

CASRAI Editorial Board (2026). Supervision — CRediT contributor role (v2022.1). CASRAI. https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision

CASRAI Editorial Board. Supervision — CRediT contributor role [Internet]. CASRAI; 2026 [cited 2026]. Version v2022.1. Available from: https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision

CASRAI Editorial Board. 2026. "Supervision — CRediT contributor role." Version v2022.1. CASRAI. https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision.

@misc{casrai_credit_supervision_2026,
  author       = {{CASRAI Editorial Board}},
  title        = {{Supervision — CRediT contributor role}},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {v2022.1},
  publisher    = {CASRAI},
  howpublished = {\url{https://casrai.org/credit/roles/supervision}},
  note         = {Aligned with ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.}
}

Notable examples

Papers exemplifying the Supervision role

These published papers demonstrate the Supervision CRediT role in practice. Each example links to its DOI and explains why the role applies.

1. Example 1 of 4illustrative

   Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors

   Takahashi, K., & Yamanaka, S. · 2006 · Cell · vol. 126 · pp. 663-676

   DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024

   A classic graduate-student / PI dyad: Kazutoshi Takahashi was the lead investigator at the bench; Shinya Yamanaka was the supervising PI who set the research direction and oversaw the screening strategy. CRediT Supervision captures the PI's contribution — research-planning oversight, mentorship, scientific direction — separately from the bench Investigation work, distinguishing the two essential but different contributions.

2. Example 2 of 4illustrative

   A Programmable Dual-RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity

   Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. · 2012 · Science · vol. 337 · pp. 816-821

   DOI: 10.1126/science.1225829

   Doudna and Charpentier are listed as senior authors and were Nobel-recognised as the scientific leaders of this work. Their CRediT contribution centres on Supervision (research direction, mentorship of the bench team) and Conceptualization, distinct from the lead Investigation work performed by Jinek and colleagues. The paper is a canonical illustration of Supervision as a substantive, attributable contribution.

3. Example 3 of 4

   Analysis of Protein-Coding Genetic Variation in 60,706 Humans

   Lek, M., Karczewski, K. J., Minikel, E. V., Samocha, K. E., Banks, E., Fennell, T., et al. · 2016 · Nature · vol. 536 · pp. 285-291

   DOI: 10.1038/nature19057

   The ExAC paper. Senior authors (notably Daniel MacArthur) provided supervision for a large international collaboration of trainees and staff scientists. Papers of this scale typically separate CRediT Supervision (research direction, mentorship) from Project Administration (coordination) on the senior-author tier, reflecting two genuinely different forms of leadership contribution.

4. Example 4 of 4illustrative

   Highly Accurate Protein Structure Prediction with AlphaFold

   Jumper, J., Evans, R., Pritzel, A., Green, T., Figurnov, M., Ronneberger, O., et al. · 2021 · Nature · vol. 596 · pp. 583-589

   DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2

   AlphaFold's development at DeepMind required scientific supervision across machine-learning research, structural biology, and engineering disciplines. The senior authors' CRediT Supervision contribution — research planning, technical mentorship, oversight of the iterative model-improvement process — is materially distinct from the methodology and software work done by the lead scientists. CRediT formalises that distinction.

Examples curated by the CASRAI editorial board. Inclusion is illustrative of the role, not an endorsement of methodology or claims. Pre-CRediT-era papers are flagged illustrative.

Translations

Available in

The canonical, normative version of Supervision is this English page (ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022). Community-drafted translations are available below for working reference; the English text prevails in case of any divergence.

• English (canonical)en-GB
• Supervision(Français)fr
• Supervisión(Español)es
• Supervisão(Português)pt-BR
• 指导(中文)zh
• 監督(日本語)ja

All translations are community drafts. CRediT has not been officially translated by NISO.

Dictionary

Related CASRAI Dictionary terms

The Supervision role connects to these CASRAI Dictionary terms — the controlled-vocabulary concepts a contributor in this role typically works with. Each links to its canonical definition with worked examples and machine-readable encodings.

Adoption

Who collects Supervision — by publisher

The Supervision role is collected by the major publishers that have adopted CRediT portfolio-wide. See how each implements the taxonomy in their submission systems:

Related

Continue with CRediT