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v2026.1714 entries · CC-BY 4.0
Dictionary termTrack EStablev2026.2

REF 2021

The 2021 cycle of the UK Research Excellence Framework, whose results were published in May 2022, assessing research produced between 2014 and 2020.

ByCASRAI Editorial Board
· Last updated 21 May 2026

Examples

Worked examples

  • Is an instance

    An institution publishes its REF 2021 environment statement to demonstrate its supportive research culture.

  • Is an instance

    Researchers reference REF 2021 panel reports when planning future output strategies.

Counter-examples

Looks similar, but isn't

  • Not an instance

    Citing REF 2014 weightings when describing the most recent submission window.

  • Not an instance

    Treating REF 2021 institutional grade-point averages as definitive league-table rankings.

Editorial commentary

REF 2021 was delayed by one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It assessed 76,132 academic staff across 157 UK higher education institutions, with submissions to 34 units of assessment. The weighting of the three elements was outputs 60%, impact 25%, environment 15%. REF 2021 introduced changes from REF 2014 such as a requirement to submit all eligible staff (decoupling outputs from individual researchers), an increase in the impact weighting from 20% to 25%, and explicit guidance on responsible use of metrics aligning with the Metric Tide report.

References

  • ref.ac.uk/2021. Research England 'Results and submissions' 2022. Times Higher Education REF 2021 analysis.

Also known as

REF2021

Machine-readable encodings

Use in your systems

JATS XML <role> element
xml
<role vocab="credit"
      vocab-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/"
      vocab-term="REF 2021"
      vocab-term-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/ref-2021" />
Schema.org DefinedTerm (JSON-LD)
json
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  "@type": "DefinedTerm",
  "name": "REF 2021",
  "identifier": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/ref-2021",
  "description": "The 2021 cycle of the UK Research Excellence Framework, whose results were published in May 2022, assessing research produced between 2014 and 2020.",
  "inDefinedTermSet": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/domain/responsible-research-assessment/",
  "url": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/ref-2021",
  "sameAs": [
    "REF2021"
  ],
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
}

Adopted by research universities worldwide

University of Cambridge logoColumbia University logoUniversity of Edinburgh logoHarvard University logoMassachusetts Institute of Technology logoUniversity of Oxford logoPrinceton University logoStanford School of Medicine logoUniversity College London logoUniversity of Cambridge logoColumbia University logoUniversity of Edinburgh logoHarvard University logoMassachusetts Institute of Technology logoUniversity of Oxford logoPrinceton University logoStanford School of Medicine logoUniversity College London logo
  • University of Cambridge logo
  • Columbia University logo
  • University of Edinburgh logo
  • Harvard University logo
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology logo
  • University of Oxford logo
  • Princeton University logo
  • Stanford School of Medicine logo
  • University College London logo

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