Dictionary domainTrack E
Responsible research assessment
DORA, COARA, R4RI, narrative CVs.
For implementers
Operational deployment checklist for Responsible research assessment: prerequisites, five deploy steps, integration notes for Pure, Symplectic Elements, Worktribe, DSpace, and more, plus the pitfalls that recur in the field.
Terms in this domain
230 terms
IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed journal published by the IEEE Computer Society focusing on architectural, software, and protocol-level security and fault tolerance. In academic research assessment, its citation metrics measure the frequency with which recent articles are cited across scientific literature, reflecting publication reach in computer systems dependability.
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) covering information security, digital forensics, biometrics, cryptography, and multimedia surveillance architectures.
Computers & Security: Journal Metrics & Impact
Computers & Security (ISSN 0167-4048, E-ISSN 1872-6208) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier covering information assurance and cybersecurity. Journal metrics include an OpenAlex-verified 2-year mean citedness of 11.90 and an h-index of 182 across 9,951 cataloged works. In alignment with DORA and CoARA guidance, journal-level citation metrics should not be used as evaluative proxies for individual article quality or scientific contribution.
ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)
ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Association for Computing Machinery that covers research in information security, cryptography, systems privacy, and data protection. Formerly titled ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC), the venue serves computer science and cybersecurity researchers reporting novel defensive architectures, attack analysis, and formal verification methods.
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing (MBEC) is an international peer-reviewed journal covering biomedical engineering, medical computing, and clinical instrumentation. Founded in 1963, it is the official journal of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) and published monthly by Springer Nature.
Frontiers in Microbiology Impact Factor
The Frontiers in Microbiology impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor associated with that journal: citations in a given JCR year to items published in the previous two years, divided by the citable items from those two years. The journal page showed 5.8 on 8 November 2026 without a data-year label.
Acta Mathematica
Acta Mathematica is a peer-reviewed pure mathematics journal founded by Gösta Mittag-Leffler in 1882, published by Institut Mittag-Leffler under the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Compositio Mathematica: Profile & Metrics
Compositio Mathematica is a peer-reviewed research journal founded in 1935, owned by the Foundation Compositio Mathematica with the London Mathematical Society and published by Cambridge University Press, featuring verified OpenAlex citation metrics and DORA evaluation standards.
Advances in Mathematics
Advances in Mathematics is a peer-reviewed pure mathematics journal published by Elsevier BV. Indexed under print ISSN 0001-8708 and electronic ISSN 1090-2082, it publishes research articles across pure mathematics, assessed through bibliometric metrics including OpenAlex citation data, Clarivate Journal Citation Reports, and Scopus CiteScore, distinct from the unrelated Journal of Advances in Mathematics (ISSN 2347-1921).
Duke Mathematical Journal
Duke Mathematical Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal of mathematics published since 1935 by Duke University Press. Indexed under print ISSN 0012-7094 and electronic ISSN 1547-7398, it publishes 18 issues annually covering advanced research across pure and applied mathematics, evaluated through bibliometric indicators including OpenAlex citation metrics, Clarivate Journal Citation Reports, and Scopus CiteScore.
Crelle’s Journal
Crelle's Journal, officially titled Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, is an international peer-reviewed mathematics periodical published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH (print ISSN 0075-4102, online ISSN 1435-5345). Its research performance is tracked through journal-level citation indicators including the Clarivate Journal Impact Factor (1.6 for the 2025 JCR data year), Scopus CiteScore (2.5), and OpenAlex two-year mean citedness across algebraic geometry, number theory, and analysis.
Journal of the American Mathematical Society
The Journal of the American Mathematical Society (JAMS) is a premier peer-reviewed research quarterly published by the American Mathematical Society (AMS), dedicated to publishing research articles of the highest caliber across all areas of pure and applied mathematics. Its Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-calculated metric tracking citations in a given year to citable papers published during the two preceding calendar years, contextualized by open bibliometric benchmarks including OpenAlex two-year mean citedness.
Notices of the AMS: Profile & Metrics
Notices of the American Mathematical Society (Notices of the AMS) is the monthly membership publication of the American Mathematical Society, presenting expository mathematical articles, professional news, memorial tributes, and book reviews alongside verified OpenAlex and Crossref bibliometrics.
Mathematische Annalen
Mathematische Annalen is a peer-reviewed pure and applied mathematics journal published by Springer Nature (ISSN 0025-5831, e-ISSN 1432-1807). Its citation performance is tracked through journal-level citation indicators such as the two-year mean citedness, total indexed works, and relative field citation ratios across subdisciplines including algebraic geometry, number theory, and differential geometry.
Inventiones Mathematicae
Inventiones Mathematicae is a peer-reviewed pure mathematics journal published by Springer since 1966 that features major research in algebra, geometry, analysis, and topology, evaluated through rigorous refereeing rather than short-term citation velocity.
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society is a monthly peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by the AMS since 1950, publishing short original research papers across pure and applied mathematics.
Annals of Mathematics
Annals of Mathematics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal of pure mathematics published by Princeton University with the cooperation of the Institute for Advanced Study. Founded in 1884, it is indexed under print ISSN 0003-486X and electronic ISSN 1939-8980, serving as one of the discipline's premier research venues whose impact is assessed through metrics including OpenAlex mean citedness and Clarivate Journal Citation Reports.
SIAM Review: Journal Impact & Metrics
SIAM Review is the flagship quarterly journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), publishing survey papers, computational essays, problems and techniques, and book reviews across applied and computational mathematics. Its Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-calculated ratio measuring citations in a given Journal Citation Reports (JCR) data year to citable items published in the two preceding years, contextualized by open bibliometric benchmarks including OpenAlex two-year mean citedness.
Journal of Cell Science Impact Factor (3.9, 2025)
The Journal of Cell Science impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor assigned to the Journal of Cell Science (The Company of Biologists): citations received in the data year to items published in the two preceding years, divided by the citable items of those years; the journal lists 3.9 for 2025 and a five-year value of 4.0.
npj Digital Medicine Impact Factor (2025: 18.0)
The Journal Impact Factor of npj Digital Medicine is the Clarivate-calculated ratio of citations received in a JCR year to the journal's items from the previous two years, divided by the number of those items; the journal reports 18.0 for 2025 (5-year: 19.7).
Organic Process Research & Development (OPRD)
Organic Process Research & Development (OPRD) is a peer-reviewed journal published by the American Chemical Society (ISSN 1083-6160) focusing on the scale-up, safety, and chemical manufacturing of fine organics and pharmaceuticals. Its citation performance is tracked through journal-level citation ratios, including OpenAlex's 2-year mean citedness (3.91) and Clarivate's proprietary Journal Impact Factor in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). Per DORA and CoARA principles, journal-level citation metrics describe publication-wide citation volume and must not be used as a proxy for the scientific merit of individual articles.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
The Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology is a multi-volume, peer-reviewed major reference work published by John Wiley & Sons, presenting comprehensive technical monographs on chemical substances, industrial manufacturing processes, materials science, and unit operations in chemical engineering.
Hum Mol Genet Impact Factor (Human Molecular Genetics)
The Hum Mol Genet impact factor is the Clarivate Journal Impact Factor of the journal Human Molecular Genetics (Oxford University Press): 3.1 for the 2025 data year per the journal page, with a 5-year value of 3.6.
NAICS Code for Chemical Manufacturing
The NAICS code for chemical manufacturing is 325, a three-digit subsector designation under Sector 31-33 (Manufacturing) in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) maintained by the U.S. Census Bureau. NAICS 325 classifies economic establishments that transform organic and inorganic raw materials by chemical processes into intermediate formulations or finished chemical commodities. Covering seven four-digit industry groups (3251 through 3259) and 55 detailed six-digit industry classifications, NAICS 325 governs establishment-level industrial reporting for the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM), environmental reporting under EPA EPCRA Section 313 (Toxics Release Inventory), small business size standards under 13 CFR 121, and federal procurement profiling.
NSF FuSe
The Future of Semiconductors (FuSe / FuSe2) program is a cross-directorate funding initiative established by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) to cultivate holistic co-design research spanning materials, devices, and computing architectures, integrated with semiconductor workforce education and industry partnerships.
Canadian Veterinary Journal: Journal Profile & Scope
The Canadian Veterinary Journal (La Revue Vétérinaire Canadienne) is a monthly, bilingual, peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA) since 1960, serving as the primary source of clinical evidence, research articles, and professional practice guidance for veterinary medicine in Canada.
Journal of the AVMA (JAVMA): Profile & Metrics
The Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) is a semimonthly peer-reviewed journal published since 1915 by the American Veterinary Association covering clinical veterinary medicine, surgery, and animal health policy. Tracked in OpenAlex with a 2-year mean citedness of 1.96 and indexed in MEDLINE, its citation indicators reflect broad disciplinary use rather than individual paper merit.
Animal Bioscience: Journal Profile, Metrics & Scope
Animal Bioscience is a monthly, peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal published by the Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (AAAP) that reports experimental research and critical reviews across livestock production, genetics, nutrition, animal physiology, and veterinary welfare.
Australian Veterinary Journal: Profile & Metrics
The Australian Veterinary Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed journal published by Wiley on behalf of the Australian Veterinary Association covering clinical practice, animal welfare, and comparative veterinary medicine. Tracked in OpenAlex with a 2-year mean citedness of 1.37 and indexed in MEDLINE, its citation figures describe aggregate journal use rather than individual paper merit.
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
A peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal (ISSN 2049-1891) published by BioMed Central that disseminates fundamental and applied research in animal breeding, genetics, nutrition, physiology, and modern biotechnology.
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (JITC) Impact Factor
The Journal Impact Factor assigned by Clarivate's Journal Citation Reports to the Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (JITC): the citations received in a data year by JITC items published in the two preceding years, divided by the number of citable items from those years. JITC announced 11.7 for the 2025 data year.
Frontiersin Impact Factor: Journal-Level JIF 2026
A Frontiers journal's Impact Factor is that individual journal's Clarivate Journal Impact Factor (citations in the JCR year to items from the previous two years, divided by citable items in those two years), as displayed on its frontiersin.org page; Frontiers has no single publisher-wide JIF.
The FASEB Journal Impact Factor (2024: 4.2)
The FASEB Journal impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor Clarivate assigns to The FASEB Journal in Journal Citation Reports: citations in the data year to items published in the previous two years, divided by citable items in those years. FASEB lists 4.2 in its 2024 journal metrics, alongside a Scopus CiteScore of 7.2 and a Journal Citation Indicator of 0.87. It describes the journal as a whole, not any individual article.
Cell Death and Disease Impact Factor: Value, Trend and Method
The Cell Death and Disease impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor of the journal Cell Death & Disease (Springer Nature): citations in a JCR year to articles and reviews published in the previous two years, divided by the number of those items. The journal reports 12.1 for 2025.
Political Science Quarterly
The Journal Impact Factor, Scopus CiteScore, and associated bibliometric indicators assigned to Political Science Quarterly (PSQ), published by Oxford University Press.
British Journal of Political Science: Overview & Metrics
The British Journal of Political Science (BJPolS) is a peer-reviewed general-interest journal established in 1971, published quarterly by Cambridge University Press. It holds a Clarivate Journal Impact Factor of 4.6 (SSCI Political Science Q1) and a 5-year Impact Factor of 6.5.
Annual Review of Political Science
An annual peer-reviewed journal publishing invited syntheses across political behavior, governance, international relations, and public policy.
European Journal of International Relations (EJIR)
The European Journal of International Relations (EJIR) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) and the European International Studies Association (EISA). Founded in 1995, it publishes theoretical and empirical scholarship in international relations, holding a 5-year Journal Impact Factor of 4.0 and ranking 22nd in International Relations.
American Political Science Review Metrics
The American Political Science Review (APSR; ISSN 0003-0554, E-ISSN 1537-5943) is the flagship quarterly peer-reviewed research journal of the American Political Science Association (APSA), published by Cambridge University Press. In Clarivate Journal Citation Reports, it holds a Journal Impact Factor of 5.9 and a 5-year Impact Factor of 9.1.
Genome Research Impact Factor: What It Is and How to Read It
The Genome Res impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor Clarivate assigns each year in the Journal Citation Reports to Genome Research (ISO abbreviation Genome Res): citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by the number of those items.
Political Research Quarterly
A peer-reviewed academic journal of the Western Political Science Association covering comparative politics, international relations, and public policy.
World Politics Journal
World Politics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering international relations and comparative politics. Founded in 1948 under the editorial sponsorship of the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies at Princeton University, it is published by Johns Hopkins University Press and indexed in Clarivate's SSCI.
PS: Political Science & Politics
PS: Political Science & Politics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association (APSA). Established as an essential disciplinary forum, it publishes critical analyses of contemporary political issues, political science pedagogy, and the academic profession, holding a 2-year Journal Impact Factor of 2.9.
Perspectives on Politics: Journal Metrics
Perspectives on Politics is an official quarterly peer-reviewed political science journal of the American Political Science Association (APSA; ISSN 1537-5927, E-ISSN 1541-0986) published by Cambridge University Press. In Clarivate Journal Citation Reports, it holds a Journal Impact Factor of 3.5 and a 5-year impact factor of 5.6.
Journal of Politics: Overview and Impact Factor
The Journal of Politics (JOP) is a peer-reviewed, general-interest political science journal established in 1939, published quarterly by the University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Southern Political Science Association. It holds a Clarivate Journal Impact Factor of 3.2 (Q1 in Political Science, SSCI) and a 5-year Impact Factor of 4.7.
American Politics Research
American Politics Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by SAGE Publications that covers empirical and theoretical studies of government, elections, and political institutions in the United States. Established in 1973 as American Politics Quarterly, it is indexed in Web of Science and Scopus.
American Journal of Political Science (AJPS)
The American Journal of Political Science (AJPS) is a general-interest peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Wiley on behalf of the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA). It reports empirical and theoretical research across political science and holds a 2025 Clarivate Journal Citation Reports Impact Factor of 4.7, ranking 16th out of 322 journals in the Political Science category.
J Neuroinflammation Impact Factor (11.5, JCR 2025)
The J Neuroinflammation impact factor is the Clarivate Journal Impact Factor of the Journal of Neuroinflammation (ISSN 1742-2094): citations in the JCR data year to the journal's articles and reviews from the previous two years, divided by the number of those items. The journal lists 11.5 (2025), and a 5-year value of 12.9 (2025).
Eurosurveillance
Eurosurveillance is a Diamond Open Access, peer-reviewed scientific journal published weekly by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) covering communicable disease epidemiology, outbreak surveillance, and public health control, with a 2025 Clarivate Journal Impact Factor of 8.3 (Q1 Infectious Diseases) and Scopus CiteScore of 13.6.
Journal of the American Chemical Society Impact Factor (JACS JIF)
The Journal of the American Chemical Society impact factor is the Clarivate Journal Impact Factor of JACS: citations in a JCR year to items published in the prior two years, divided by citable items in those years. ACS states 16.6 for the 2025 data year.
Law & Society Review
Law & Society Review (LSR) is a peer-reviewed sociolegal journal established in 1966 by the Law and Society Association and published by Cambridge University Press (Print ISSN: 0023-9216, Online ISSN: 1540-5893). In the 2025 Clarivate Journal Citation Reports release, LSR holds a Journal Impact Factor of 2.7, ranking in Quartile 1 across both Law (27/443) and Sociology (41/222), accompanied by responsible assessment policies that preclude using journal-level metrics as proxies for individual article quality.
Journal of Empirical Legal Studies
The Journal of Empirical Legal Studies (JELS) is a quarterly, peer-refereed interdisciplinary law journal co-published by Wiley-Blackwell and Cornell Law School, serving as the official publication of the Society for Empirical Legal Studies (SELS). It publishes empirical scholarship applying statistical, experimental, and observational methodologies to legal systems, corporate governance, and public policy, indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index with a Journal Impact Factor of approximately 1.1.
Law & Social Inquiry
Law & Social Inquiry (LSI) is a peer-reviewed sociolegal journal sponsored by the American Bar Foundation and published by Cambridge University Press (ISSN: 0897-6546). Indexed in Clarivate's Journal Citation Reports under Law, its 2025 Journal Impact Factor of 1.5 quantifies average citations to recent articles, subject to responsible assessment standards that preclude its use as an evaluative proxy for individual scholarship.
Expert Review of Medical Devices
Expert Review of Medical Devices is a peer-reviewed biomedical engineering journal published by Taylor & Francis (ISSN: 1743-4440, eISSN: 1745-2422) and indexed in Clarivate's Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) under Engineering, Biomedical. Its Journal Impact Factor (JIF) measures citation density within a two-year citation window. In accordance with DORA principles, journal-level metrics must not serve as evaluative proxies for individual paper quality or researcher competency.
FDA SSED (Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data)
A Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data (SSED) is the official public review document issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under Section 520(h)(1)(A) of the FD&C Act and 21 CFR 814.44(d) upon granting Premarket Approval (PMA) or a panel-track supplement for a Class III medical device. It details the non-clinical laboratory testing, clinical trial protocols, safety and effectiveness endpoints, and benefit-risk determinations that supported market authorization.
Neural Computation Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Neural Computation's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the annual journal-level citation ratio published by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) for the MIT Press journal Neural Computation (ISSN 0899-7667). Computed as citations in a given data year to citable items published during the two preceding years divided by that item count, it describes aggregate citation frequency across its computational neuroscience and machine learning literature.
Communications of the ACM (CACM) Journal Impact Factor
The Journal Impact Factor of Communications of the ACM (CACM) is the Clarivate-calculated ratio of annual citations to citable items published in the two preceding years, contextualized by its diamond open-access model and peer-reviewed technical tracks.
Journal of the ACM
Journal of the ACM (JACM) is the flagship archival journal published by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), indexed in Clarivate's Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) across multiple computing disciplines including Computer Science, Theory and Methods. Its Journal Impact Factor (JIF) measures the average citation rate in a Journal Citation Reports (JCR) year for citable items published during the preceding two years. In accordance with DORA and CoARA principles, its journal-level metrics must not be used as evaluative proxies for individual paper quality or researcher excellence.
CodeMeta
A standardized, machine-readable software metadata vocabulary and JSON-LD schema based on Schema.org, designed to establish a common crosswalk across code repositories, language registries, and scholarly data archives for research software discovery, preservation, and attribution.
ACM Computing Surveys: Impact Factor & Metrics
ACM Computing Surveys' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed journal-level citation ratio published annually in Journal Citation Reports (JCR), measuring citations in the JCR data year to survey articles and tutorials published in the two preceding years, divided by total citable items. For the 2024 JCR data year (released in 2025), ACM Computing Surveys received a Journal Impact Factor of 30.4 (and a 5-year Impact Factor of 31.4), ranking #1 in the Computer Science, Theory & Methods category (Q1). Under DORA and CoARA responsible research assessment standards, this journal-level metric reflects the broad utility of comprehensive literature reviews and must not be used as a proxy for the individual merit of an article or author.
Advances in Nursing Science: Journal Metrics
Advances in Nursing Science (ANS) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Print ISSN: 0161-9268, Online ISSN: 1550-5014), focused on theoretical, epistemological, and philosophical research in nursing science, with indexed Journal Citation Reports metrics including a 2-year Journal Impact Factor of 1.7.
Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science
Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science (TIRS) is the official peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Drug Information Association (DIA), published bimonthly by Springer Nature. It carries a Clarivate Journal Impact Factor of 2.1 (with a 5-year Impact Factor of 2.1) in the Science Citation Index Expanded, serving as a primary academic forum for biopharmaceutical product development, clinical trial methodology, and global regulatory policy.
Contemporary Clinical Trials
Contemporary Clinical Trials is a peer-reviewed methodology journal published by Elsevier (Print ISSN 1551-7144, Electronic ISSN 1559-2030) dedicated to the design, conduct, statistical analysis, and regulatory governance of clinical trials. Clarivate's Journal Citation Reports (JCR) records a 2-year Journal Impact Factor of 2.0 (2023 JCR data year, released in 2024), alongside a Scopus CiteScore of 3.6. The journal is complemented by Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, a gold open-access companion title.
Social Forces Journal
Social Forces is a premier quarterly peer-reviewed journal of social research, founded in 1922 by Howard W. Odum at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and published by Oxford University Press. It publishes foundational empirical and theoretical studies across sociology and related social sciences. Clarivate's Journal Citation Reports indexes the journal in the Social Sciences Citation Index, consistently ranking it in Quartile 1 (Q1) within Sociology.
Gender and Society Journal
Gender & Society is the official bimonthly peer-reviewed journal of Sociologists for Women in Society (SWS), published by SAGE Publications since 1987. It publishes critical feminist and sociological research examining gendered structures, organizations, and transnational processes. Indexed in Clarivate's Social Sciences Citation Index, its citation metrics place it consistently in Quartile 1 (Q1) within both Sociology and Women's Studies.
Sociological Theory (Journal)
Sociological Theory is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the American Sociological Association. Established in 1983, it publishes theoretical scholarship across sociological disciplines and holds a Clarivate Journal Impact Factor of 4.3 (Quartile 1). Per DORA principles, its journal-level citation metrics evaluate aggregate dissemination rather than individual article quality.
British Journal of Sociology
The British Journal of Sociology (BJS) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the London School of Economics and Political Science (print ISSN 0007-1315, online ISSN 1468-4446). Founded in 1950, it publishes foundational scholarship across quantitative and qualitative sociology, holding a 2024 Journal Impact Factor of 3.3 in Clarivate's Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).
Annual Review of Sociology
The Annual Review of Sociology is an annual peer-reviewed academic publication issued by Annual Reviews that publishes authoritative, invited literature review essays across core subfields of sociology. Tracked in the Social Sciences Citation Index, its citation metrics place it in Quartile 1 of the Sociology category.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics: Impact Factor & Scope
The Journal of Fluid Mechanics (JFM) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press (print ISSN 0022-1120, online ISSN 1469-7645) dedicated to theoretical, computational, and experimental investigations of fluid mechanics. Founded in 1956 by George Batchelor and currently led by Editor-in-Chief C. P. Caulfield, the journal receives an annual Journal Impact Factor (JIF) from Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). For the 2025 JCR data year, Cambridge University Press reports a 2-year JIF of 4.2, placing the journal in Quartile 1 (Q1) across both Mechanics (ranked 36 of 172) and Physics, Fluids and Plasmas (ranked 3 of 43). In academic research administration and bibliometrics, JFM represents a benchmark discipline journal whose journal-level citation metrics should be interpreted in accordance with DORA principles rather than as proxies for individual article quality.
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry: Indexing and Impact Factor
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is a monthly, English-language prosthodontics journal (ISSN 0022-3913), published since 1951 and recorded in the NLM Catalog as currently indexed for MEDLINE and PubMed; its Journal Impact Factor is the Clarivate citation ratio reported for each JCR year in its Journal Citation Reports profile.
Advanced Science: Journal Profile & Metrics
Advanced Science is a peer-reviewed, open-access multidisciplinary scientific journal published by Wiley-VCH (e-ISSN 2198-3844; NLM ID 101664569) established in December 2014. It publishes cross-disciplinary research spanning materials science, physics, chemistry, engineering, and life sciences. The journal is indexed in Clarivate's Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and MEDLINE/PubMed, and operates on an author-pays open-access model under Creative Commons licensing. In research assessment, its Journal Impact Factor reflects journal-level citation frequency within Journal Citation Reports rather than the scientific quality of any individual paper.
Annual Review of Anthropology: Impact Factor
Annual Review of Anthropology is an authoritative annual review journal published by non-profit Annual Reviews since 1972, providing invited syntheses across archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistics, and sociocultural anthropology. In Clarivate's Journal Citation Reports, it holds a 2-year Journal Impact Factor of 4.0 (ranked 3rd out of 143 anthropology titles) and a Scopus CiteScore of 6.8, operating under the non-APC Subscribe to Open (S2O) model.
Sociological Methods & Research
Sociological Methods & Research (SMR) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by SAGE Publications (ISSN 0049-1241, eISSN 1552-8294) that publishes formal developments in quantitative modeling, causal inference, and qualitative comparative analysis. Indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), it consistently ranks in the first quartile (Q1) of both Sociology and Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods with a 2-year Journal Impact Factor above 5.0.
Social Problems Journal
Social Problems is the official peer-reviewed academic journal of the Society for the Study of Social Problems (SSSP), published quarterly by Oxford University Press (ISSN 0037-7791). In scholarly evaluation registries, it records a Journal Impact Factor of 2.5 (Clarivate JCR) and a Scopus CiteScore of 7.0, ranking in Quartile 1 of sociology journals.
American Journal of Sociology
The American Journal of Sociology (AJS) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press. Founded in 1895 by Albion Small, it is the oldest sociological journal in the United States, publishing pioneering theoretical and empirical research across the discipline. Its citation performance is tracked by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports, where it ranks in Quartile 1 of the Sociology category.
American Anthropologist
American Anthropologist is the flagship quarterly peer-reviewed journal of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), published in partnership with John Wiley & Sons on AnthroSource (ISSN 0002-7294, eISSN 1548-1433). It publishes research across all four anthropological subfields—sociocultural, archaeological, biological, and linguistic anthropology—and is indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index.
Sociology of Sport Journal: Impact Factor (JIF)
Sociology of Sport Journal (SSJ) is the official peer-reviewed quarterly journal of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport (NASSS), published by Human Kinetics since 1984. In the Clarivate Journal Citation Reports (2025 JCR data year, released 2026), SSJ holds a 2-year Journal Impact Factor of 2.4 and a Scopus CiteScore of 4.3, serving as a primary venue for critical sociological inquiry into physical culture, sport institutions, and movement practices.
Sociological Science (Journal)
Sociological Science is an independent, peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal published by the Society for Sociological Science (ISSN: 2330-6696). Evaluated in Clarivate’s Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) with a 2-year Journal Impact Factor of 2.8, a 5-year Impact Factor of 3.5, and a Scopus Q1 ranking, the journal operates an evaluative peer-review model with 30-day decision timelines under a Creative Commons CC BY license.
American Sociological Review
The American Sociological Review (ASR) is the flagship peer-reviewed journal of the American Sociological Association, founded in 1936 and published bimonthly by SAGE Publications. It publishes original theoretical and empirical research of broad significance across all areas of sociology. Its journal-level citation impact is tracked through Clarivate's Journal Citation Reports, where it consistently holds a first-quartile (Q1) ranking.
Harvard Law Review: Student-Edited Journal, Peer Review and Submissions
A journal is the Harvard Law Review when it is the monthly, student-edited legal journal whose second- and third-year Harvard Law students make all editorial and organizational decisions, select pieces by anonymous editor review, and operate independently of Harvard Law School.
Philosophy Compass
Philosophy Compass is an online-only peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell that specializes in commissioned survey articles across all major areas of philosophy. Launched in 2006, it provides state-of-the-art literature overviews and receives an annual Journal Impact Factor indexed by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports.
Noûs Journal
Noûs is a quarterly peer-reviewed philosophy journal published by Wiley-Blackwell and accompanied by annual supplementary volumes, recognized in research assessment by its top-tier evaluation status (ANVUR Class A, JUFO 3, Norway Level 2) and an OpenAlex 2-year mean citedness of 2.11 (h-index 170).
Faith and Philosophy Journal Metrics
Faith and Philosophy journal metrics describe the publication output and citation impact measures associated with Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers. Published as an open-access journal by the Society of Christian Philosophers (with editorial assistance from Asbury Theological Seminary and the University of Notre Dame), the journal maintains an h-index of 57 and over 1,740 registered DOIs across its catalog. Because the society publishes the journal directly without commercial paywalls or publisher-syndicated impact factor dashboards, evaluators rely on open bibliometric indicators and discipline-normalized standards rather than proprietary STEM metrics.
The Philosophical Review (Journal)
The Philosophical Review is a premier quarterly peer-reviewed philosophy journal established in 1892, edited by the faculty of the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University and published by Duke University Press. In research assessment, its bibliometric profile reflects extreme editorial selectivity with an OpenAlex two-year mean citedness of 1.45 and an h-index of 306, governed by DORA and CoARA standards that prioritize article-level qualitative evaluation over journal-level citation figures.
European Journal of Philosophy
The European Journal of Philosophy (EJP) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell (ISSN 0966-8373, EISSN 1468-0378). Founded in 1993, the journal provides a general platform across the major traditions of European and Anglo-American philosophy, publishing original articles that connect analytic and continental methodologies as well as historical and contemporary philosophical inquiries.
Philosophical Studies (Journal)
Philosophical Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Springer, established in 1950 by Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars, devoted exclusively to analytic philosophy. In research evaluation, its citation profile reflects a selective, hybrid publication model with an OpenAlex two-year mean citedness of 2.44, subject to responsible metric principles under DORA that discourage using journal-level numbers to evaluate individual philosophical scholarship.
Hypatia Journal Impact Factor & Metrics
The Hypatia journal metrics represent the journal-level citation performance indicators published for Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy by Cambridge University Press and Clarivate Journal Citation Reports (JCR). As verified on Cambridge Core on 7 November 2026, the journal holds a 2-year Journal Impact Factor of 1.5, a 5-year Impact Factor of 2.2, and a Scopus CiteScore of 2.9. These metrics describe the citation frequency of the quarterly journal as a whole and must not serve as individual evaluative measures for specific philosophical contributions or researchers.
Australasian Journal of Philosophy
The Australasian Journal of Philosophy (AJP) is a peer-reviewed philosophy journal published quarterly by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Australasian Association of Philosophy. Founded in 1923, it covers analytic philosophy and receives an annual Journal Impact Factor published by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports.
Canadian Journal of Philosophy
The Canadian Journal of Philosophy (CJP) is a peer-reviewed academic journal founded in 1971 and published in partnership with Cambridge University Press. Registered as an Alberta non-profit corporation, it operates as a fully open-access publication indexed in Clarivate's Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) with a Journal Impact Factor of 0.8, a 5-year Impact Factor of 1.5, and an approximate 8% acceptance rate.
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed general philosophy journal published by Wiley on behalf of the International Phenomenological Society, evaluated in bibliometrics through its Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) Clarivate Journal Impact Factor (1.6) and Scopus CiteScore (3.3).
Mind (Philosophy Journal)
Mind is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Mind Association, covering philosophy and tracked in major citation indexes.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
The Journal of Medicinal Chemistry is a biweekly peer-reviewed journal published by the American Chemical Society (ACS Publications) covering the relationship between molecular structure and biological activity. For the 2025 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate), its 2-year Journal Impact Factor is 7.3 (Q1, Chemistry, Medicinal) with a 5-year Impact Factor of 7.6 and a CiteScore of 11.1. In accordance with DORA and CoARA principles, these journal-level metrics describe aggregate citation frequency across two- and five-year windows and should not be used as an evaluative proxy for the quality of individual articles.
Ergo: Open Access Journal of Philosophy
Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy is a peer-reviewed, general-scope philosophical journal published by Michigan Publishing at the University of Michigan Library (EISSN 2330-4014). Founded in 2014, it operates on a diamond open-access model with no article processing charges (APCs) for authors or subscription fees for readers, and employs a triple-anonymous review process across all philosophical traditions.
Pharmaceutical Statistics: Journal & Metrics
Pharmaceutical Statistics: The Journal of Applied Statistics in the Pharmaceutical Industry is a peer-reviewed academic journal published bi-monthly by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of PSI (Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry). It receives an annual Journal Impact Factor (JIF) published by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), reflecting the ratio of citations received in a given year to citable research articles and reviews published during the preceding two calendar years.
The AAPS Journal
The AAPS Journal is an official peer-reviewed scientific journal of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), published by Springer Nature (electronic ISSN 1550-7416). It publishes novel research across the pharmaceutical sciences, including drug design, biopharmaceutics, formulation, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), pharmacometrics, and regulatory science. In the 2024 Clarivate Journal Citation Reports (JCR), The AAPS Journal holds a Journal Impact Factor of 3.7 and a 5-year Impact Factor of 4.1.
ICH E14
An international harmonised regulatory standard developed by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) that defines the design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation of clinical studies evaluating the potential of non-antiarrhythmic pharmaceuticals to cause ventricular repolarization delay (QT/QTc interval prolongation) and associated proarrhythmic events, notably Torsades de Pointes. The guideline establishes the methodology for Thorough QT (TQT) studies in healthy volunteers, sets the threshold of regulatory concern at an upper 95% one-sided confidence interval bound exceeding 10 milliseconds for baseline- and placebo-adjusted QTc changes, requires concurrent positive controls to establish assay sensitivity, and integrates concentration-QTc (C-QTc) exposure-response modeling alongside nonclinical repolarization assays under ICH S7B.
ICH E10: Choice of Control Group
ICH E10 (Choice of Control Group and Related Issues in Clinical Trials) is an international tripartite scientific guideline developed under the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) that sets regulatory and methodological standards for selecting and designing control groups in clinical efficacy trials. Formally endorsed at Step 4 in July 2000 and implemented across major regulatory authorities including the US FDA, EMA, and Japan's PMDA, the guideline defines five primary control structures—placebo concurrent, no-treatment concurrent, dose-response concurrent, active concurrent, and external/historical controls—while formalizing requirements for assay sensitivity and the ethical justification of trial designs.
ICH E1: Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety
ICH E1 is the harmonized tripartite regulatory guideline titled "The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for Drugs Intended for Long-Term Treatment of Non-Life-Threatening Conditions". Formally adopted at Step 4 in October 1994, it defines pre-approval clinical safety database sizing standards for pharmaceuticals intended for chronic or repeated intermittent use exceeding 6 months. It establishes a baseline requirement of approximately 1,500 total patients, 300 to 600 patients followed for 6 months, and a minimum of 100 patients exposed continuously for at least 12 months at dosage levels intended for clinical practice.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) Journal
A peer-reviewed surgery journal with NLM abbreviation Plast Reconstr Surg, ISSN 0032-1052 (print) and 1529-4242 (electronic), currently indexed for MEDLINE per the NLM Catalog (checked 7 November 2026).
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (ACS AMI): Journal Profile and Metrics
ACS AMI is the common shorthand for ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Chemical Society (print ISSN 1944-8244, electronic ISSN 1944-8252) publishing applied research across materials science, engineering, chemistry and bio-related sciences.
BMC Psychology Journal Metrics
BMC Psychology is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal published by BioMed Central (Springer Nature) covering developmental, clinical, cognitive, and social psychology. Its bibliometric profile includes a Clarivate Journal Impact Factor (JIF) of 4.6 and Scopus CiteScore of 4.2. In research assessment, its journal-level citation metrics serve as broad dissemination indicators under DORA guidance rather than proxies for individual article quality.
Psychological Bulletin Impact Factor & Scope
The journal-level citation metrics for Psychological Bulletin—published monthly since 1904 by the American Psychological Association (APA)—principally encompass its Clarivate Journal Impact Factor (JIF) and Scopus CiteScore. According to publisher and bibliographic data verified on 2026-11-07, Psychological Bulletin holds a two-year Journal Impact Factor of 19.9 and a five-year Impact Factor of 31.8, ranking in Quartile 1 (Q1, #3 of 222 titles in Psychology, Multidisciplinary).
Perspectives on Psychological Science: Metrics
The journal-level citation metrics for Perspectives on Psychological Science—published bimonthly by SAGE Publications for the Association for Psychological Science (APS)—primarily encompass its Clarivate Journal Impact Factor (JIF) and Scopus CiteScore. According to publisher and bibliographic data verified on 2026-11-07, the journal holds a two-year Journal Impact Factor of 9.5 and a five-year Impact Factor of 13.9, placing it in Quartile 1 (Q1) of the Web of Science category Psychology, Multidisciplinary.
Annual Review of Psychology Impact Factor
The journal-level citation metrics for the Annual Review of Psychology—published annually since 1950 by the nonprofit publisher Annual Reviews—principally include its Clarivate Journal Impact Factor (JIF) and Scopus CiteScore. According to publisher and bibliographic data verified on 2026-11-07, the Annual Review of Psychology holds a two-year Journal Impact Factor of 41.8 and a 5-year Impact Factor of 40.4, ranking first in the Web of Science category Psychology, Multidisciplinary.
BioScience Journal Impact Factor & Scope
The journal-level citation metrics for BioScience—published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS)—principally include its Clarivate Journal Impact Factor (JIF) and Scopus CiteScore. According to publisher data verified on 2026-11-07, BioScience holds a Journal Impact Factor of 9.7 and a 5-year Impact Factor of 12.3. The title must be disambiguated from the Brazilian publication Bioscience Journal, issued by the Universidade Federal de Uberlandia.
International Journal of Educational Research: Impact Factor
The International Journal of Educational Research impact factor and citation profile denote the Clarivate-calculated Journal Impact Factor (3.3 in recent Journal Citation Reports releases) and Scopus-indexed metrics for the International Journal of Educational Research (IJER). Published by Elsevier since 1986 under ISSN 0883-0355, the periodical is tracked in the Web of Science Core Collection under Education & Educational Research. The metric represents the mathematical ratio of citations received in a given JCR year to citable scholarly items published during the preceding two years, functioning as a journal-level visibility indicator rather than an appraisal of individual research quality.
Harvard Educational Review (HER) Metrics
The Harvard Educational Review (HER) is a quarterly, peer-reviewed scholarly journal published by the Harvard Education Publishing Group at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Indexed in Clarivate's Social Sciences Citation Index with a Journal Impact Factor of 3.3, it publishes theoretical, empirical, and practitioner scholarship across education research.
Educational Researcher Journal Metrics
Educational Researcher (ER) journal metrics represent the citation ratios and percentile rankings calculated by Clarivate Journal Citation Reports (JCR) and Elsevier Scopus for the flagship journal of the American Educational Research Association. For the JCR data release, Educational Researcher recorded a 2-year Journal Impact Factor of 5.5 and a 5-year Impact Factor of 7.9, ranking 38th of 760 journals in the Education & Educational Research category (Q1). Per DORA and Leiden Manifesto principles, these journal-level metrics evaluate aggregate citation distribution rather than the quality or significance of individual articles.
Harvard Data Science Review (HDSR) Metrics
Harvard Data Science Review (HDSR) is a Diamond Open Access, peer-reviewed journal and digital publication published by MIT Press for the Harvard Data Science Initiative. Indexed in Clarivate's Emerging Sources Citation Index with an official Journal Impact Factor of 4.8, it publishes research, educational frameworks, and policy analyses across data science.
The American Statistician
The American Statistician is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1947 by the American Statistical Association (ASA) and published by Taylor & Francis. Covering statistical practice, pedagogy, computing, and methodology across statistical science, the journal held a Clarivate Journal Impact Factor (JIF) of 2.2 and a Scopus CiteScore of 4.3 as recorded on 2026-11-07. Under DORA and CoARA assessment principles, its journal-level citation metrics serve as general indexing indicators rather than proxies for the quality of individual published articles.
Library Trends: Journal Impact Factor & Metrics
Library Trends journal metrics encompass the journal-level citation ratios, indexing classifications, and bibliometric indicators assigned to Library Trends (Print ISSN 0024-2594, Online ISSN 1559-0682), a quarterly peer-reviewed thematic journal published by Johns Hopkins University Press for the School of Information Sciences at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. These indicators include a Clarivate Journal Impact Factor (JIF) of 0.6 (5-year JIF of 0.7) within the Information Science & Library Science category, a Scopus CiteScore of approximately 1.6, and a SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) of 0.213 (Quartile 3). Under responsible research assessment frameworks including DORA and CoARA, these aggregated journal-level measures reflect citation velocity across guest-edited thematic collections and cannot serve as evaluative proxies for individual scholarly contributions.
JASIST’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
JASIST's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the journal-level citation metric calculated annually by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) for the Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. Published by Wiley on behalf of the Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T), JASIST holds a 2-year Journal Impact Factor of 5.1 and a 5-year Impact Factor of 4.4 for the 2025 JCR data year (released in 2026), placing it in the first quartile (Q1) of Information Science & Library Science. Under DORA and CoARA guidelines, this journal-level metric reflects aggregated journal citation velocity and must not be used as a proxy for the quality of individual articles or researchers.
IFLA Journal: Journal Metrics
IFLA Journal is an international peer-reviewed scholarly journal published quarterly by SAGE Publications on behalf of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA, ISSN 0340-0352). In Clarivate's Journal Citation Reports (JCR), its Journal Impact Factor (JIF) measures citations received in a given data year to citable items published during the preceding two calendar years within the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI, Information Science and Library Science category). The journal holds a two-year JIF of 1.8 alongside an Elsevier Scopus CiteScore of 1.4 and a SCImago Q2 ranking in Library and Information Sciences. Per the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA), journal-level metrics must not serve as proxies for individual article quality or researcher performance.
Journal of Information Science: Impact Factor
The Journal of Information Science impact factor and citation profile denote the Clarivate-calculated Journal Impact Factor (2.6 in recent Journal Citation Reports, with a 5-year JIF of 2.5) and indexed bibliometrics for the Journal of Information Science (JIS). Published bimonthly by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) since 1979, the journal is tracked in the Web of Science Core Collection under Information Science & Library Science. The metric reflects the mathematical ratio of citations received in a given JCR year to citable items published in the prior two years, serving as a periodical-level visibility measure rather than an evaluation of individual paper quality.
Reference Services Review: Journal Metrics
Reference Services Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal in library and information science published quarterly by Emerald Publishing (ISSN 0090-7324). In the Clarivate Journal Citation Reports (JCR), its Journal Impact Factor (JIF) measures the ratio of citations received in a given JCR data year to citable items published in the preceding two calendar years. According to publisher disclosures and JCR indexing in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), the journal holds a two-year JIF of 1.3, alongside a Scopus CiteScore of 3.6 and a SCImago Q2 ranking in Library and Information Sciences. In accordance with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA), this journal-level metric should not be used as a surrogate indicator for the scientific value of individual research papers or author contributions.
Information Processing & Management
Information Processing & Management (IP&M) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier (ISSN 0306-4573) covering original research in information science, computer science, and information retrieval. In bibliometrics and research evaluation, it is tracked via Clarivate's Journal Citation Reports with a two-year Journal Impact Factor (JIF) of 8.1 and a 5-year Impact Factor of 8.3, alongside a Scopus CiteScore of 16.8, positioning it in Quartile 1 (Q1) across Information Science & Library Science and Information Systems.
Information Technology and Libraries JIF
Information Technology and Libraries (ITAL) is a peer-reviewed, diamond open-access quarterly journal published by Core: Leadership, Infrastructure, Futures (a division of the American Library Association). Indexed in Clarivate's Web of Science (SCIE and SSCI) with a 2-year Journal Impact Factor (JIF) of 2.7 and a 5-year JIF of 2.2, as well as Scopus with an SJR of 0.669 (Q1 in Library and Information Sciences), ITAL publishes research on library automation, metadata, digital preservation, and emerging technologies. Operating without author-facing article processing charges (APCs), the journal provides a key venue in library and information science; per DORA principles, its journal-level metrics must not be used as a surrogate measure for evaluating individual researchers or articles.
Library Quarterly: Impact Factor & Metrics
The Library Quarterly impact factor and associated bibliometric profile reflect the Clarivate-calculated Journal Impact Factor (0.9 in recent JCR releases, with a 5-year JIF of 1.5) and secondary indexes for The Library Quarterly, an established peer-reviewed journal published by the University of Chicago Press since 1931. Calculated by dividing citations in a given JCR year to articles published in the previous two years by the total number of citable items in those years, the metric serves as a journal-level citation indicator within the Information Science & Library Science category rather than a measure of individual article quality.
Clinical Infectious Diseases Impact Factor
The Impact Factor of Clinical Infectious Diseases is the journal-level citation measure shown for this Oxford University Press / Infectious Diseases Society of America journal: 8.4 for 2025 (with a 2025 5 Year Impact Factor of 6.8), as displayed on the journal's own Oxford Academic page and checked on 29 October 2026. It describes the journal as a whole, is tied to a single data year, and is not a measure of any individual article or author.
PRX Life Impact Factor
The PRX Life impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor Clarivate assigns to PRX Life, the American Physical Society open access journal at the physics and life sciences interface; APS lists 3.1 for 2025. It is a journal-level two-year citation average, not a measure of any single article.
New Phytologist Impact Factor: What It Measures and Where to Check the Current Value
New Phytologist's Journal Impact Factor is the Clarivate-calculated, journal-level citation ratio the journal receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports: citations in the JCR data year to the articles and reviews it published in the two preceding years, divided by the number of those items. It is year-specific, describes the journal as a whole and not any individual paper, and should be read with quartile and other JCR metrics.
PRX Quantum Impact Factor
PRX Quantum's impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor Clarivate assigns to the American Physical Society's open access quantum science journal; the APS journal page reports 12.3 for 2025, alongside a separate Scopus CiteScore of 19.4.
ACS Applied Energy Materials Impact Factor
The ACS Applied Energy Materials impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor Clarivate reports for that American Chemical Society journal in each annual Journal Citation Reports release: citations in the JCR year to items from the previous two years, divided by citable items in those years.
BMC Bioinformatics Impact Factor
The BMC Bioinformatics impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor assigned to that journal in Clarivate Journal Citation Reports: current-year citations divided by the journal's citable items from the previous two years. The journal page shows 4.4 (2025) and a 5-year value of 4.0 (2025).
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Impact Factor
The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine impact factor is the Clarivate Journal Impact Factor for AJRCCM: citations in a given data year to items the journal published in the previous two years, divided by the number of citable items. The journal's page at Oxford University Press lists 21.7 for 2025.
Physical Review Letters Impact Factor
The Physical Review Letters impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor Clarivate assigns to the American Physical Society's flagship physics journal: citations in the data year to items published in the previous two years, divided by the citable items from those years. APS reports 9.4 for the 2025 data year.
Applied Physics Letters Impact Factor
The Applied Physics Letters impact factor is the Journal Impact Factor Clarivate assigns to the journal Applied Physics Letters (AIP Publishing): citations in the data year to items published in the previous two years, divided by the citable items from those years. AIP Publishing states 3.8 for the 2025 Journal Citation Reports.
IEEE Access Impact Factor: 4.2 (2025 JCR), What It Measures and How to Use It
The IEEE Access impact factor is the Clarivate Journal Impact Factor for the multidisciplinary open-access journal IEEE Access: citations in the JCR data year to items published in the two preceding years, divided by the number of citable items. The journal's own bibliometrics page states 4.2 for the 2025 JCR (read 29 October 2026) alongside a Scopus CiteScore of 9.3. It is a journal-level average and not a measure of any individual paper's quality.
SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper)
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) is a journal-level citation metric calculated from Scopus data by the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) at Leiden University -- not by Elsevier, despite appearing alongside Elsevier's own CiteScore on Scopus source pages. SNIP measures citations received in a given year to a journal's publications from the preceding three years, divided by the number of those publications, then normalizes that ratio by the citation potential of the journal's subject field, correcting for the fact that citation practices (typical reference-list length, citation density) vary sharply across disciplines.
Publons
Publons was a researcher-facing web platform, launched in 2012, that let researchers log, verify, and get credit for peer review and editorial work performed for academic journals, building a portable reviewer history and profile. Clarivate acquired Publons in 2017 and progressively integrated it with Web of Science; Clarivate retired Publons as a separate destination in 2022, migrating existing profiles and their verified review history into the native Web of Science Researcher Profile. Publons is a retired, absorbed product, not a currently operating independent service -- content and guidance referring to 'signing up for Publons' or maintaining a separate Publons profile describes a discontinued workflow.
JAMA Network Impact Factor: Why There’s No Single Figure
JAMA Network's Impact Factor is not a single figure: JAMA Network is the American Medical Association's family of 13 peer-reviewed journals (including flagship JAMA and the open-access JAMA Network Open), and Clarivate assigns a Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Journal Impact Factor separately to each individual title, not to the family as a whole. Neither the AMA nor Clarivate publishes a blended or family-wide figure; any source quoting one number for 'JAMA Network' has either mislabelled a single member journal's figure or invented the number. A searcher wanting a specific figure must specify which of the 13 journals -- JAMA, JAMA Network Open, JAMA Cardiology, JAMA Dermatology, JAMA Health Forum, JAMA Internal Medicine, JAMA Neurology, JAMA Oncology, JAMA Ophthalmology, JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, JAMA Pediatrics, JAMA Psychiatry, or JAMA Surgery -- they mean, then look that title up directly at jamanetwork.com or in the JCR (jcr.clarivate.com).
Publish or Perish (Harzing’s citation-analysis software)
Publish or Perish is a free desktop program, created by Anne-Wil Harzing and first released in October 2006, that queries academic data sources (as of version 8: Google Scholar, Google Scholar Profile, Crossref, PubMed, OpenAlex, Lens.org, Scopus, Semantic Scholar, and Web of Science) for a given author, journal, or search term, then calculates citation-based metrics such as the h-index and g-index from whatever results are returned. It holds no citation data itself and is not a database, persistent identifier registry, or CRIS -- it is a query-and-calculate client for other providers' data, so results vary by which source was queried and change over time as underlying citation counts change.
H-Index Inflation
H-index inflation is a rise in a researcher's h-index that is driven mainly by co-authorship on a small number of very-large-team papers, rather than by a broader pattern of individually-led, independently cited work. Because the h-index counts a paper toward every listed co-author identically regardless of team size or individual contribution, a researcher who appears as one name among several hundred or several thousand co-authors on a heavily-cited paper receives the same per-paper credit as a sole author of an equally-cited paper. An h-index is flagged as inflated, in bibliometric practice, when a meaningful share of the citing papers behind it trace back to a handful of hyperauthored publications rather than to a broad base of independent outputs -- a distinction visible on inspection of the underlying publication list, not from the index number alone.
SPRE (Strategy, People and Research Environment)
SPRE is the REF 2029 assessment element scoring the conditions an institution and its submitting units put in place to enable research, replacing REF 2021's Environment element (REF5a/REF5b). It is worth 20% of the overall REF 2029 quality profile, combining an Institution-Level Statement (ILS, 60% of the SPRE score) and a Unit-Level Statement (ULS, 40%), each covering context/mission/strategy, people, income/infrastructure/facilities, and collaboration/engagement/impact. Guidance is still being finalised through 2026.
Reviewer Recognition Programs
A reviewer recognition program is a formal mechanism -- run by a publisher, a cross-publisher platform, or a professional society -- that creates a documented, and often verifiable and portable, record of a researcher's peer review activity. It exists because manuscript peer review is, by scholarly-publishing convention, unpaid, uncredited, confidential volunteer labor: an editor solicits a review, the reviewer submits comments, and outside the editor's own records nothing else normally happens. A reviewer recognition program is anything that closes that gap with a verifiable artifact -- a certificate, a platform-logged review history, or a portable credit entry -- that the reviewer can point to, as distinct from an informal 'thank you' with no lasting or checkable record.
CoARA Signatories
An organisation that has formally signed the Agreement on Reforming Research Assessment and thereby joined the Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment (CoARA), as distinct from an organisation that merely endorses the Agreement's principles informally.
Heliyon’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Heliyon's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a specific, illustrative instance of the general Journal Impact Factor metric published annually by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- with a current wrinkle: Heliyon does not have an active JIF as of this writing (last verified 2026-08-16). Heliyon, launched by Elsevier/Cell Press in 2015, is a broad-scope, open-access megajournal that peer-reviews submissions for technical and ethical soundness rather than perceived novelty. Clarivate placed Heliyon on hold in Web of Science indexing in September 2024 (the same month as Cureus) and lifted that hold on 2026-05-14, per Retraction Watch's reporting, following an Elsevier internal audit that Retraction Watch reports resulted in roughly 1,197 corrections including approximately 687 retractions (RW-sourced, not Clarivate-confirmed). Because its citation data was suppressed for part of the assessment window, Heliyon did not receive a JIF in the June 2026 JCR release; Clarivate is expected to issue one in the October 2026 release instead. CASRAI attempted direct verification against Elsevier's own Heliyon pages (sciencedirect.com/journal/heliyon, cell.com/heliyon/home) this session; both returned HTTP 403 and could not be read. Any pre-hold aggregator figure (historically reported near 4.3 for the 2024 data year) should be treated as superseded historical background, not a current, citable number.
Environmental Science and Pollution Researchs Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) of Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) is the Clarivate-calculated, Journal Citation Reports (JCR) metric for this Springer (Springer Nature) journal, covering environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology, and pollution-monitoring research. Per third-party JCR-tracking aggregators (Research.com, BioxBio, Resurchify) rather than a direct jcr.clarivate.com subscription check this session, ESPR's JIF rose through the early 2020s -- from roughly 2.6 in 2012 to about 5.8 for the 2022 JCR data year -- before falling to an aggregator-reported figure of approximately 5.59 for the 2024 JCR data year (2025 release), a decline these sources describe as consistent with a broader multi-year retrenchment across the journal's citation counts. As with any single aggregator-sourced figure, treat the exact decimal as indicative rather than authoritative until cross-checked against Clarivate's own JCR platform, and note that a journal's JIF is only ever one input into assessing where to submit or how to read a single paper's citation context -- not a substitute for reading the paper itself.
PLOS Pathogens Impact Factor (2026 Update)
PLOS Pathogens' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) would, if PLOS promoted one, be the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio published annually in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). PLOS's own journal-information page states directly that it does not consider Impact Factor 'a reliable or useful metric to assess the performance of individual articles' and will only provide the figure to individuals on request -- CASRAI verified this policy language directly against journals.plos.org on 16 August 2026 (shared boilerplate across PLOS's journal-information pages, including PLOS Pathogens'). PLOS instead promotes article-level metrics, CiteScore, SJR, and the h-index. Because PLOS Pathogens remains a JCR-indexed title, Clarivate does compute a JIF for it (current cycle: 2025 data year, released June 2026), but that figure sits behind institutional JCR access and was not independently checked by CASRAI; it should not be sourced from a third-party JCR-tracking aggregator or Wikipedia. PLOS Pathogens is a selective, subject-specific PLOS title (launched September 2005) restricted to research on pathogens and host-pathogen interaction, distinct from both the broad-scope selective flagship PLOS Biology and the soundness-only multidisciplinary megajournal PLOS ONE.
Nature Cancer’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Nature Cancer's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the Nature Cancer journal receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to Nature Cancer's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Independent JCR-tracking aggregators report Nature Cancer's 2-year Impact Factor at approximately 14.3 for the JCR release covering 2024 data, with several aggregators reporting a further jump to approximately 28.0 for the most recent release (2025 data, released June 2026) -- an unusually large year-over-year increase worth treating cautiously. nature.com's own journal-information page could not be directly confirmed for this draft (login-gated), so treat these figures as reported rather than independently verified, and check jcr.clarivate.com or nature.com/natcancer before citing formally. Nature Cancer is a distinct, separately scored journal from Nature, Nature Medicine, Nature Communications, and the other Nature Portfolio titles published by Springer Nature, and is also a separate journal from the similarly-named Nature Reviews Cancer. Per DORA and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in Nature Cancer or the merit of its authors.
The Lancet’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
The Lancet's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the flagship Lancet journal (published by Elsevier since 1823, ISSN 0140-6736 print / 1474-547X online) receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. This term covers only the flagship Lancet title; the wider Lancet family (The Lancet Oncology, The Lancet Neurology, The Lancet Public Health, The Lancet Digital Health, and others) consists of separately edited, separately JCR-indexed journals each with its own distinct Impact Factor, not covered individually here. Third-party JCR-tracking aggregators and Wikipedia's journal infobox report figures that diverge across releases and trackers -- roughly 88.5 attributed to the 2024 JCR data year and roughly 109.0 attributed to the 2025 data year have both been seen, inconsistently labeled -- and CASRAI has not independently reconciled these against a single primary source (jcr.clarivate.com is subscription-gated; thelancet.com's own journal-information page was not independently confirmed at the time of writing). Treat any single number you see cited as time-stamped to a specific JCR release -- Clarivate updates JCR every June -- and check jcr.clarivate.com or thelancet.com directly for the current, release-dated figure before citing it in a formal context such as a CV, grant application, or tenure file. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article The Lancet has published, nor of the researchers who authored it.
mBio’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
mBio's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the two-year citation ratio Clarivate calculates and publishes annually in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) for mBio, the American Society for Microbiology's (ASM) broad-scope, gold open-access microbiology journal (ISSN 2150-7511, inaugural issue published 18 May 2010, founding Editor-in-Chief Arturo Casadevall). Because ASM does not publish the underlying JCR figure on the journal's own homepage, an instance of 'mBio's JIF' as used on this site means whichever figure the current JCR release actually reports for mBio, cross-checked across independent tracker sites rather than taken from a single aggregator, since third-party trackers do not always agree with each other or with the prior year's release in the interim before the next JCR update.
Cureus’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Cureus's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a specific, illustrative instance of the general Journal Impact Factor metric published annually by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- with one important current wrinkle: Cureus does not have an active JIF as of this writing (last verified 2026-08-16). Cureus (ISSN 2168-8184), an open-access general medical journal owned by Springer Nature since December 2022, was placed 'on hold' by Clarivate in September 2024 and formally removed from the Web of Science Master Journal List in October 2025, following a period of substantial retraction activity and stated article-quality concerns. Removal from Web of Science means Cureus no longer accrues the citation counts a JIF is calculated from and does not receive a JCR figure for 2025 or any subsequent year. Before delisting, third-party JCR-tracking aggregators reported Cureus's most recent 2-year JIF variously as approximately 1.2 (2022 JCR release) and approximately 1.3 (2024 release); cureus.com's own current marketing copy separately cites an undated 'Impact Factor of 1.3' that does not acknowledge the delisting. Any impact-factor number for Cureus found online should be treated as historical, not current, and checked against Clarivate's live Master Journal List rather than cited as an active figure.
Journal of Neuroscience’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
The Journal of Neuroscience's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio that JNeurosci -- the flagship weekly research journal of the Society for Neuroscience (SfN) -- receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR): citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. The journal (ISSN 0270-6474 print, 1529-2401 online) has published continuously since 1981 and is indexed in Clarivate's Science Citation Index Expanded, which makes it JIF-eligible on the same mechanical basis as every other JCR-indexed title. Aggregator trackers (bioxbio.com, Wikipedia's infobox citing JCR) converge on a 2024 JIF of approximately 4.0, down from a reported peak near 6.7-6.9 in 2012-2013 -- a multi-year decline consistent with a broader pattern of JIF compression across many established neuroscience and biomedical titles as the denominator (citable items) and citation landscape have shifted. Treat any single figure as time-stamped to a specific JCR release -- Clarivate updates JCR every June -- and check jcr.clarivate.com or the journal's own page at jneurosci.org directly for the current, release-dated number before citing it in a formal context such as a CV, grant application, or tenure file. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article the Journal of Neuroscience has published, nor of the researchers who authored it.
Blood (ASH Journal)’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Blood's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio that Blood -- the flagship, weekly peer-reviewed journal of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) -- receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR): citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. This entry is specifically about Blood the hematology journal (ISSN 0006-4971 print, 1528-0020 online), published continuously by ASH since 1946 -- not about the common noun 'blood' or any life-sciences journal with a similar-sounding title. Blood is indexed in Clarivate's Science Citation Index Expanded, which makes it JIF-eligible on the same mechanical basis as any other JCR-indexed title. Reported figures for Blood's current JIF diverge across sources: ASH's own hematology.org materials have cited a figure near 23.9, third-party JCR-tracking aggregators (BioxBio, JournalsInsights, journalmetrics.org) show figures in roughly the 20-24 range for recent releases, and one ASH-affiliated page referenced 21.0 tied to the 2023 JCR release. These differences most likely reflect different JCR release years and aggregator caching lag rather than disagreement about the underlying data -- the same pattern seen across most single-journal JIF pages. Treat any one number as time-stamped to a specific JCR release -- Clarivate updates JCR every June -- and confirm the current, release-dated figure directly against ashpublications.org/blood or jcr.clarivate.com before citing it formally.
PLOS Biology Impact Factor (2026 Update)
PLOS Biology's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) would, if PLOS promoted one, be the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio published annually in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). PLOS's own journal-information page states directly that it does not consider Impact Factor 'a reliable or useful metric to assess the performance of individual articles' and will only provide the figure to individuals on request -- CASRAI verified this policy language directly against journals.plos.org on 16 August 2026 (shared boilerplate across PLOS's journal-information pages, including PLOS Biology's). PLOS instead promotes article-level metrics, CiteScore, SJR, and the h-index. Because PLOS Biology remains a JCR-indexed title, Clarivate does compute a JIF for it (current cycle: 2025 data year, released June 2026), but that figure sits behind institutional JCR access and was not independently checked by CASRAI; it should not be sourced from a third-party JCR-tracking aggregator or Wikipedia. Unlike its PLOS sibling title PLOS ONE, PLOS Biology is a selective flagship journal that peer-reviews for perceived significance and broad interest within biology alongside technical soundness, publishing a small fraction of what it receives.
Neuron’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Neuron's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the Cell Press neuroscience journal Neuron receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Neuron (ISSN 0896-6273 print, 1097-4199 online) is Cell Press's flagship neuroscience title, published continuously since 1988, and it is distinct from Cell and other Cell Press journals -- each carries its own separately computed JIF. The current JCR cycle is the 2025 data year, released June 2026; CASRAI attempted to verify Neuron's figure for that cycle directly against Cell Press's own pages this session (last verified 2026-08-16) and could not complete the request (redirect/bot-protection behavior), so no current figure is stated as fact. The last figure CASRAI can attribute to a specific, dated cycle is approximately 15.0 for the 2024 data year (June 2025 release), reported by third-party aggregators (journalmetrics.org, bioxbio.com) and Wikipedia's infobox, with a reported JCR Quartile 1 placement in neuroscience -- that figure is one cycle old, not current. Check jcr.clarivate.com or cell.com/metrics for the current, authoritative figure before citing it in a formal context. Per DORA and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in the journal or the merit of its authors.
Cancer Discovery’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Cancer Discovery's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the AACR journal Cancer Discovery receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Per journal-metrics tracker data reflecting the JCR release, Cancer Discovery's reported Impact Factor was approximately 29.5 for the 2025 JCR data year (Clarivate's June 2026 release), following a reported 33.3 for the 2024 data year and 29.7 for the 2023 data year -- Clarivate updates this figure every June, so treat any single number, including these, as time-stamped to a specific release rather than a fixed property of the journal. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in the journal or the merit of its authors.
Cancer Cell’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Cancer Cell is a peer-reviewed oncology and cancer-biology journal published by Cell Press (an Elsevier imprint), first issued in 2002 (ISSN 1535-6108 print / 1878-3686 online). Its Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the annual Clarivate Journal Citation Reports (JCR) metric calculated as the mean number of citations, in the JCR year, to articles the journal published in the two preceding years, divided by the number of citable items in that window. Per Clarivate's JCR (as reported via Wikipedia's sourced infobox and corroborated by independent JIF-aggregator sites), Cancer Cell's most recently released JIF is 56.1, based on 2025 citation data (2026 JCR release) -- up from a reported 44.5 for the 2024 data year (2025 release). Always confirm the current figure directly against Clarivate's Journal Citation Reports (subscription-gated) or the publisher's own journal page before citing it in a CV, grant application, or promotion dossier, since JIF is recalculated annually and aggregator sites can lag or round the official release.
Current Biology’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Current Biology's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a specific, illustrative instance of the general Journal Impact Factor metric published annually by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) . Current Biology is a Cell Press biweekly life-sciences journal (Cell Press became part of Elsevier in 1998/2001) launched in 1991 (ISSN 0960-9822), covering molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Its JIF is calculated and reported entirely independently of the JIF for Cell Press's founding flagship journal, Cell , even though both share the Cell Press imprint. See the general Journal Impact Factor entry for how the metric is defined and its well-documented limitations as a research-assessment tool.
Frontiers in Immunology’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Frontiers in Immunology's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the annual Clarivate Journal Citation Reports metric for this Frontiers Media open-access immunology journal, currently reported by the publisher's own journal page as 7.0 for the 2025 JCR data year (June 2026 release), up from 5.9 for the 2024 data year -- a title whose reported JIF has moved unusually widely release to release, so the current figure should be confirmed directly against Clarivate before formal citation.
Advanced Materials’ Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Advanced Materials' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the annual two-year citation metric Clarivate publishes for the journal in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR): citations in a given JCR year to Advanced Materials articles published in the preceding two years, divided by the number of citable items Advanced Materials published in those two years. Advanced Materials is a materials-science journal published by Wiley-VCH since 1989 (independent from an earlier Angewandte Chemie supplement dating to 1988; ISSN 0935-9648 print, 1521-4095 online). Third-party JCR-tracking aggregators report its JIF at approximately 26.8 for the 2024 JCR data year (2025 release); CASRAI attempted to confirm this directly against Wiley's own journal page on 16 August 2026 and could not (subscription/paywall response), so treat the figure as reported/secondary-source only, not primary-verified.
JAMA Network Open’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
JAMA Network Open's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the journal receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. JAMA Network Open's own journal page (jamanetwork.com) states this figure as 11.7, the highest among large-volume general-medicine open-access journals; CASRAI verified this directly against the publisher's page on 16 August 2026 rather than a third-party tracker or Wikipedia. It reflects the current JCR cycle -- the 2025 data year, released by Clarivate in June 2026. It is a separate, independently computed figure from the flagship JAMA journal's own JIF, and the two should never be quoted interchangeably. JAMA Network Open launched in 2018 as an open-access, general-medicine title within the JAMA Network family published by the American Medical Association (AMA); unlike the subscription-model flagship JAMA, it publishes open access across all areas of medicine rather than a curated weekly selection, which shapes how its citation volume accumulates relative to JAMA's.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) Impact Factor (JIF)
The Impact Factor (JIF) of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) is the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) metric Clarivate publishes for this MDPI-owned title, calculated as the average number of 2026 citations to articles IJMS published in 2024-2025, divided by the number of citable items it published in those two years. As of the most recent JCR release (June 2026, covering 2025 citation data), third-party trackers that mirror Clarivate's JCR figures report a 2-year Impact Factor of approximately 5.6 and a 5-year Impact Factor of approximately 6.3, placing IJMS in JCR Quartile 1 (Q1) of the Biochemistry & Molecular Biology category. CASRAI did not independently fetch jcr.clarivate.com for this figure (subscription-gated); treat the number as REPORTED-tier, cross-corroborated across multiple independent JCR-tracking sites rather than confirmed directly against Clarivate's own portal, and re-verify before citing it in a high-stakes context such as a promotion or tenure file.
Nucleic Acids Research’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Nucleic Acids Research's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the annual citation metric Clarivate publishes for the journal in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR): citations in a given JCR year to Nucleic Acids Research articles published in the preceding two years (or five, for the 5-year version), divided by the number of citable items the journal published in that window. Nucleic Acids Research (NAR) is an open-access, biweekly molecular biology and biochemistry journal published by Oxford University Press since 1974 (ISSN 0305-1048 print, 1362-4962 online). Per Oxford University Press's own journal page (academic.oup.com/nar), verified 16 August 2026, NAR's 2025 Impact Factor is 15.0 (2-year) and its 2025 Five-Year Impact Factor is 17.6.
JCI Insight’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
JCI Insight's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the annual Clarivate-calculated citation ratio published in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) for JCI Insight specifically. JCI Insight is a separate journal from the Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI): it is the gold open-access companion title the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI) launched in 2016 (ISSN 2379-3708), separately indexed in the JCR with its own figure, whereas "JCI" on its own means ASCI's flagship Journal of Clinical Investigation (ISSN 0021-9738 print / 1558-8238 online), which CASRAI covers on a separate page. JCI Insight's own journal-information page (insight.jci.org/kiosks/about) states an Impact Factor of 6.8 for the 2025 JCR data year, verified 7 August 2026; Clarivate updates the JCR every June, so treat that number as current only as of that release and confirm it before citing it in a CV, tenure file, or funder report. No figure on the JCI Insight page applies to the Journal of Clinical Investigation, or vice versa.
New England Journal of Medicine’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
The New England Journal of Medicine's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the Massachusetts Medical Society's flagship clinical-medicine journal receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. NEJM (ISSN 0028-4793 print, 1533-4406 online) has published continuously since 1812, making it one of the oldest continuously published medical journals in the world, and is indexed in Clarivate's Science Citation Index Expanded, which makes it JIF-eligible. Third-party JCR-tracking aggregators report NEJM's 2-year JIF in the high-70s to mid-80s range for recent releases -- figures cited include roughly 78.5 and roughly 84.5 for figures described as the '2025 impact factor,' attributed inconsistently to the 2025 versus 2026 JCR release across different aggregator pages -- with a reported 5-year JIF near 84.9. These aggregator figures do not agree with one another even when describing what appears to be the same release, and NEJM's own journal-information page was not independently reachable to confirm one authoritative figure at the time of writing (returned an access-restricted response during verification). Treat any single number you see cited as time-stamped to a specific JCR release -- Clarivate updates JCR every June -- and check jcr.clarivate.com or nejm.org directly for the current, release-dated figure before citing it in a formal context such as a CV, grant application, or tenure file. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article NEJM has published, nor of the researchers who authored it.
Cell Reports Medicine’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Cell Reports Medicine’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio this journal receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) — citations in the JCR data year to the journal’s citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Cell Reports Medicine is a Cell Press open-access journal, launched in 2020, publishing translational and clinical biomedical research — distinct from its broader-scope sister title Cell Reports, which covers life sciences generally and carries its own separate JIF. Multiple third-party JCR-tracking aggregators converge on a figure of approximately 14.0 for the 2025 JCR data year (Clarivate’s June 2026 release), placing the journal in JCR Quartile 1, but CASRAI was not able to independently confirm this against jcr.clarivate.com (subscription-gated) or reach Cell Press’s own metrics page directly at the time of writing, so treat this as a cross-corroborated but secondary-source figure rather than a primary-verified one. Clarivate updates JCR every June; check jcr.clarivate.com or cell.com/cell-reports-medicine for the current, release-dated figure before citing a number in a formal context. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in the journal or the merit of its authors.
ACS Nano’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
ACS Nano's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the annual two-year citation metric Clarivate publishes for the journal in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR): citations in a given JCR year to ACS Nano articles published in the preceding two years, divided by the number of citable items ACS Nano published in those two years. ACS Nano is a nanoscience and nanotechnology journal published by the American Chemical Society since 2007 (ISSN 1936-0851 print, 1936-086X online); its reported JIF has sat in the mid-to-high-teens range across recent JCR releases (approximately 16.0 for the 2024 data year per secondary trackers, up from a reported 15.8 for 2023).
Cancer Research’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Cancer Research's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the AACR journal Cancer Research receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. The last independently corroborated figure is 22.6 for the 2024 JCR data year (2025 release); Clarivate's current release cycle covers the 2025 JCR data year (released June 2026), but CASRAI could not reach the publisher's own journal page (aacrjournals.org/cancerres) to confirm that newer figure as of 16 August 2026. Verify the current figure at the journal's own metrics page or jcr.clarivate.com before citing it formally. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in the journal or the merit of its authors.
Nature Medicine’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Nature Medicine's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the Nature Medicine journal receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to Nature Medicine's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Per Nature Portfolio's own journal-impact page (nature.com/nm/journal-impact), Nature Medicine's 2-year Impact Factor is 52.5 and its 5-year Impact Factor is also 52.5, both for the 2025 JCR data year (JCR release published June 2026); last verified directly against that page August 16, 2026. Nature Medicine is a distinct, separately scored journal from Nature, Nature Communications, and the other 60-plus Nature Portfolio titles published by Springer Nature -- a JIF reported for a sister journal is never Nature Medicine's own figure. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in Nature Medicine or the merit of its authors.
Science Translational Medicine’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Science Translational Medicine's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the AAAS journal receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Science Translational Medicine (ISSN 1946-6234 print, 1946-6242 online), launched October 2009, is a distinct, separately-indexed AAAS title from Science and Science Advances. The current JCR cycle is the 2025 data year, released June 2026; CASRAI attempted to verify the journal's figure for that cycle directly at science.org/journal/stm this session (last verified 2026-08-16) and the request was blocked by the publisher's Cloudflare bot protection (a 'Cookie Absent' error page was returned), so no current figure is stated as fact. The last figure CASRAI can attribute to a specific, dated cycle is approximately 14.6 for the 2024 data year (June 2025 release), per third-party JCR-tracking sources, with at least one independent aggregator instead reporting a close but distinct figure near 13.6 for the same data year -- an unresolved cross-tracker discrepancy. Per DORA and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in Science Translational Medicine or the merit of its authors.
Communications Biology’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Communications Biology's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the Springer Nature journal receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Communications Biology (ISSN 2399-3642) is a Nature Portfolio, fully open-access, broad-scope biology journal launched in 2018, and it is a distinct title from Nature Communications despite the similar name -- each carries its own separately computed JIF, and the two should never be cited interchangeably. Third-party JCR-tracking aggregators report Communications Biology's 2-year JIF at approximately 5.1 for the 2024 JCR data year (2025 release) and approximately 5.8 for the 2025 JCR data year (2026 release, issued June 2026), placing the journal in JCR Quartile 1 within its category. CASRAI could not independently confirm either figure directly against Nature Portfolio's own journal-impact page (nature.com/commsbio/journal-impact), which sits behind an account-gated redirect, or against jcr.clarivate.com directly, at the time this entry was written -- treat both numbers as reported, not CASRAI-verified, and check the journal's own metrics page or jcr.clarivate.com for the current, release-dated figure before citing one in a formal context such as a CV, grant application, or tenure file. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in the journal or the merit of its authors.
Journal of Clinical Investigation’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
The Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI)'s Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is that specific journal's own annual Clarivate metric -- citations in a given year to the articles and reviews it published in the two preceding years, divided by the number of those citable items -- published in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). It is a single journal's instance of the general JIF metric, not a separate calculation method, and it changes with every annual JCR release (Clarivate updates JCR every June). "JCI" on its own refers to this journal, The Journal of Clinical Investigation (ISSN 0021-9738 print / 1558-8238 online). It is a separate journal from JCI Insight, ASCI's gold open-access companion title launched in 2016 (ISSN 2379-3708), which is separately indexed in the JCR and carries its own, different figure -- see CASRAI's JCI Insight entry, and never substitute one journal's number for the other's. Per the journal's own information page (jci.org/kiosks/about), verified 7 August 2026, JCI's Impact Factor is 14.3 for the 2025 JCR data year.
Cell’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Cell's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the flagship Cell Press journal Cell receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count; a separate 5-year JIF uses a five-year window instead. Cell (ISSN 0092-8674) is Cell Press's founding, subscription/hybrid flagship life-sciences journal, published continuously since 1974, and it is distinct from Cell Reports, Cell Press's open-access sister journal launched in 2012 -- each carries its own separately computed JIF. Third-party JCR-tracking aggregators report Cell's 2-year JIF at roughly 42.5 for the 2024 JCR data year and roughly 45.1 for the 2025 JCR data year, with a separately reported 5-year JIF near 48.9 (not a more-current version of the 2-year figure, but a different window). CASRAI attempted to confirm these directly against Cell Press's own metrics page (cell.com/metrics) on 16 August 2026 and could not (access blocked), so treat all figures as aggregator-reported, not primary-verified -- check jcr.clarivate.com or cell.com/metrics for the current, authoritative figure before citing it formally. Per DORA and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in the journal or the merit of its authors.
PLOS ONE Impact Factor (2026 Update)
PLOS ONE's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) would, if PLOS promoted one, be the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio published annually in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). PLOS's own journal-information page states directly that it does not consider Impact Factor 'a reliable or useful metric to assess the performance of individual articles' and will only provide the figure to individuals on request -- CASRAI verified this policy language directly against journals.plos.org/plosone/s/journal-information on 16 August 2026. PLOS instead promotes article-level metrics, CiteScore, SJR, and the h-index. Because PLOS ONE remains a JCR-indexed title, Clarivate does compute a JIF for it (current cycle: 2025 data year, released June 2026), but that figure sits behind institutional JCR access and was not independently checked by CASRAI; it should not be sourced from a third-party JCR-tracking aggregator or Wikipedia. PLOS ONE is also a megajournal that peer-reviews for scientific and methodological soundness rather than perceived novelty or impact, which reinforces why a single journal-level citation figure -- where one exists -- is an unusually poor stand-in for the quality of any individual PLOS ONE article.
Cell Reports’ Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Cell Reports' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio Cell Reports receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Cell Reports is a Cell Press (Elsevier) open-access, broad-scope life-sciences journal, and its JIF has placed it in JCR Quartile 1 for Cell Biology in recent releases; third-party JCR-tracking services report figures in roughly the high-6-to-8 range across the last several JCR releases, but they do not agree on an exact current figure, and Cell Press's own site was not independently reachable to confirm one at the time of writing. Treat any single number you see cited as time-stamped to a specific JCR release -- Clarivate updates JCR every June -- and check jcr.clarivate.com or the journal's own metrics page at cell.com/cell-reports for the current, authoritative figure before citing it in a formal context. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in the journal or the merit of its authors.
Science Advances Impact Factor (2026 Update)
Science Advances' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio Science Advances receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. CASRAI verified a current figure directly against AAAS's own Journal metrics page (science.org/content/page/journal-metrics): 13.9 (2-year) and 14.8 (5-year) for the 2025 JCR data year, Clarivate's June 2026 release, Quartile 1 in Multidisciplinary Sciences -- cross-corroborated by Wikipedia's infobox and by library-services vendor Wolters Kluwer/Ovid's journal listing, which attributes the same figure directly to the Journal Citation Report/Web of Science. Science Advances is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary, fully open-access journal published by AAAS, indexed in Clarivate's Science Citation Index Expanded since its 2015 launch.
Nature’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Nature's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio the flagship Nature journal receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to Nature's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Multiple independent JCR-tracking aggregators report Nature's 2-year Impact Factor at approximately 56.1 for the most recent JCR release (2025 citation data, released June 2026), up from approximately 48.5 the prior release; nature.com's own journal-information page could not be directly confirmed for this draft (login-gated), so treat the figure as reported rather than independently verified, and check jcr.clarivate.com or nature.com for the current number before citing it formally. Nature is a distinct, separately scored journal from Nature Communications, Scientific Reports, and the other 60-plus Nature Portfolio titles published by Springer Nature -- a JIF reported for a sister journal is never Nature's own figure. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in Nature or the merit of its authors.
Scientific Reports’ Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Scientific Reports' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio Scientific Reports receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Nature Portfolio's own journal page (nature.com/srep) states a 2-year impact factor of 4.9 for the 2025 JCR data year (2025 Journal Citation Reports, Clarivate Analytics, released 2026), confirmed directly by CASRAI on 16 August 2026 -- up from approximately 3.9 for the prior (2024 data year) release. Scientific Reports is a large, open-access, multidisciplinary Nature Portfolio journal that accepts submissions on technical soundness rather than perceived novelty, so per DORA and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in it.
Nature Communications’ Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Nature Communications' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation ratio Nature Communications receives each year in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) -- citations in the JCR data year to the journal's citable items from the two preceding years, divided by that item count. Per Nature Portfolio's own journal-impact page (nature.com/ncomms/journal-impact), Nature Communications' directly-sourced 2-year Impact Factor is 18.1 (5-year: 18.9) for the 2025 JCR data year (JCR release published June 2026); last verified directly against that page August 16, 2026. Clarivate updates this figure every June, so treat the number as time-stamped to a specific release, not a fixed property of the journal. Per DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment) and CoARA guidance, this journal-level figure should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any individual article published in the journal or the merit of its authors.
Journal Citation Indicator (JCI)
A journal's Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is the field-normalized citation-impact score Clarivate calculates for it as part of each annual Journal Citation Reports (JCR) release. It measures the average citation impact of a journal's citable items published in the most recent three-year window, normalized against the average citation rate for all similarly-aged papers of the same document type in the same JCR subject category. A journal qualifies for a JCI if it is indexed in a JCR-eligible Web of Science Core Collection index (SCIE, SSCI, AHCI, or ESCI) with enough citable output in the relevant window for Clarivate to calculate a normalized rate. The score is a decimal where 1.0 equals the world average for that category and document type: a JCI of 1.5 means the journal's papers are cited 50% more than the world average for comparable papers in that field, and a JCI of 0.5 means cited half as often.
Scite (Smart Citations)
Scite is a commercial citation-analysis platform whose core feature, Smart Citations, uses a trained natural-language-processing (deep learning) model to classify each individual citing statement of a paper as supporting, contrasting, or mentioning the claim it cites, and displays the actual citation-context sentence alongside that classification. A citation is a Scite Smart Citation, specifically, when it comes with (a) the excerpted sentence from the citing paper that references the cited work, and (b) a supporting/contrasting/mentioning label assigned to that specific citing statement -- not just a tally of how many times the work has been cited.
Citation Impact
The extent to which a research output, researcher, or venue has been cited by later work, used as a proxy for scholarly influence and measured through a family of metrics that range from raw, unweighted citation counts to field-normalized indicators designed to correct for citation-rate differences across disciplines.
FORCE11 (Future of Research Communications and e-Scholarship)
FORCE11 (Future of Research Communications and e-Scholarship) is a global, member-driven nonprofit community of scholars, librarians, archivists, publishers, and research funders working to make scholarly communication more open, transparent, and reusable across every stage of the research lifecycle -- not only the final journal article. An initiative qualifies as FORCE11's work if it was developed through one of its working groups or endorsed community declarations (for example the FAIR Guiding Principles, the Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles, the Software Citation Principles, or the Resource Identification Initiative behind RRIDs) and carries FORCE11's name as convener or co-convener, as opposed to work that merely cites or is philosophically aligned with FORCE11's broader open-scholarship goals without having gone through its community process.
Self-Citation Rate
The self-citation rate is the proportion of an entity's total citations that point back to its own prior output. At the author level, it is the share of citations to a researcher's work that were made by that same researcher (in a later paper, citing an earlier one). At the journal level, it is the share of citations counted toward a journal's metrics (most visibly its Journal Impact Factor in Journal Citation Reports, or its CiteScore in Scopus) that come from articles published in that same journal. In both cases the rate is a simple ratio: self-citations divided by total citations received, usually expressed as a percentage over a defined citation window (JCR uses the same two- and five-year windows it uses for the Journal Impact Factor itself). A nonzero self-citation rate is normal and expected — researchers build on their own prior work, and journals publish follow-on articles in an ongoing research area. The metric becomes a research-integrity concern only when the rate is unusually high relative to field and venue norms, which is treated as a signal of possible citation manipulation rather than of an intrinsic quality problem.
Google Scholar Metrics
Google Scholar Metrics is a free tool built into Google Scholar that ranks publication venues -- journals, conference proceedings, and some preprint repositories -- by an automatically-computed h5-index, rather than ranking individual authors. A source counts as covered by Google Scholar Metrics only once it clears fixed inclusion thresholds (at minimum roughly 100 articles published within the most recent five complete calendar years, with at least some citations to those articles); anything below that threshold simply does not appear, regardless of quality. It is a venue-level ranking feature, not an author-level metric -- it should never be confused with an individual researcher's h-index or i10-index, which Google Scholar computes separately inside a personal Google Scholar Citations profile.
Altmetric Explorer
Altmetric Explorer (formally 'Altmetric Explorer for Institutions,' with a separate 'Explorer for Publishers' edition) is Altmetric's paid, subscription-only dashboard application: a searchable, filterable web tool that lets a research office, library, or communications team browse, analyze, benchmark, and report on the online attention -- news coverage, policy-document citations, social media mentions, blog posts, Wikipedia references, and other sources -- that Altmetric has captured for research outputs. A product/page qualifies as Altmetric Explorer, rather than the free Altmetric Attention Score badge or browser bookmarklet, specifically because it is the paid, institution-wide reporting and analysis layer built on top of Altmetric's underlying attention data and Attention Score -- not the score itself. The Attention Score and the free bookmarklet/journal-embedded badge are available to view for any individual research output without a subscription; Explorer, by contrast, only exists as a licensed institutional (or publisher) account with login-gated search, department/author-level views, benchmarking, and export/reporting functionality layered on top of that same underlying dataset.
PlumX Metrics
A proprietary altmetrics product, owned and operated by Elsevier (built on the Plum Analytics platform, acquired by Elsevier in February 2017), that qualifies as PlumX Metrics data specifically when it reports engagement for a research output as five distinct, non-aggregated category counts -- Citations, Usage, Captures, Mentions, and Social Media -- rather than combining those signals into one overall composite score; the category structure itself, not just the presence of altmetrics-style tracking, is what distinguishes it from single-score competitors.
Altmetric Attention Score
A proprietary, automatically calculated weighted count -- produced by the company Altmetric (a Digital Science business) -- of the online attention a specific research output has received across tracked sources, where a mention counts toward the score only if it is captured by Altmetric's tracking and is attributable to a source type in its weighting model (news outlets, blogs, policy documents, Wikipedia, post-publication peer review platforms, X/social media, and others); it is a measure of the volume and reach of attention, not of scholarly quality or citation impact.
Perverse Incentives (in Research)
In research integrity, a perverse incentive is a feature of an evaluation, funding, or reward system that motivates behavior contrary to that system's stated goal. Research is organized around proxy metrics for quality — publication count, journal impact factor, citation counts, grant dollars secured — that are easier to measure than the underlying goals they stand in for (rigor, originality, real-world value). When careers, tenure, promotion, and funding decisions are tied tightly to these proxies, researchers face pressure to optimize the measurable proxy rather than the underlying goal, even when doing so degrades the research itself. A situation exhibits a perverse incentive when three conditions hold together: (1) a metric or reward is used as a stand-in for research quality, (2) career or funding consequences are attached to that metric, and (3) the metric can be increased through behavior that does not improve, or actively harms, the actual science.
Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)
A journal is considered SSCI-indexed when Clarivate's independent, in-house editorial reviewers have evaluated and accepted it into the Social Sciences Citation Index — the social-sciences-scoped citation index within the Web of Science Core Collection — based on Clarivate's quality criteria (peer review, editorial rigor, timeliness, ethical publishing standards) and its own separate impact/citation-influence assessment. SSCI inclusion is evaluated independently of the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI): a journal is not automatically SSCI-indexed just because it appears in one of those companion indexes, and indexing is not permanent — a journal can later be suspended or delisted if it stops meeting Clarivate's criteria.
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) is an independent, community-curated online directory that indexes peer-reviewed open-access journals meeting its published inclusion criteria. A journal counts as "DOAJ-indexed" only once it has applied and DOAJ's editorial team has evaluated and accepted that application against DOAJ's own checkable standards for genuine open access, documented peer review, an identifiable editorial board, ISSN registration, licensing/copyright transparency, and public disclosure of any author-facing fees -- self-describing as open access, or being under DOAJ review, is not the same claim as being listed.
Good H-Index
A "good" h-index is not a fixed number: it is only interpretable relative to a researcher's specific field (citation density and publication norms vary widely by discipline), career stage (h-index can only increase over time, so it partly measures career length), and the database it was computed from (Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science produce different values for the same person) — and even then should be used only as one input alongside qualitative review of the actual body of work, not as a standalone pass/fail threshold or cross-researcher ranking.
NSF Biosketch (SciENcv)
The Biographical Sketch that a proposer submits for NSF senior/key personnel counts as an NSF Biosketch (SciENcv) only when it is generated inside SciENcv using NSF's Biographical Sketch module and follows the NSPM-33 Common Form structure (Identifying Information, Organization and Location, Professional Preparation, Appointments and Positions, Products, Certification) -- a hand-typed PDF built outside SciENcv is no longer an accepted substitute for proposals subject to the current PAPPG.
Google Scholar API
Google, as a matter of long-standing, publicly stated policy, does not operate an official, sanctioned application programming interface for Google Scholar -- there is no documented endpoint, no API key registration process, and no rate-limited free or paid tier comparable to those offered by Crossref, ORCID, Scopus, or OpenAlex. "Google Scholar API" as a search term almost always refers to one of two distinct things instead: (1) a third-party commercial scraping service (e.g. SerpApi, Apify, Oxylabs) that queries Google Scholar's public web pages on a customer's behalf and returns the result as structured JSON, or (2) an open-source scraping library (e.g. the Python package "scholarly") that automates a browser or HTTP session against the same public pages with no official sanction from Google. Both categories work by parsing Google Scholar's HTML search-results and profile pages, not by calling an endpoint Google built or documents for that purpose, and both are constrained by Google Scholar's robots.txt disallow rules and general Google Terms of Service language prohibiting automated querying without prior permission.
i10-index
A Google Scholar-specific author metric equal to the count of a researcher's publications that have each individually accumulated at least 10 citations, computed automatically from the citation data attached to a Google Scholar Citations profile.
Web of Science
Web of Science is Clarivate’s citation-indexing and research-discovery platform, not a single index in its own right. A publication counts as covered by Web of Science only once it has been evaluated and accepted into at least one of the platform’s underlying citation indices — most often the Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, or Arts & Humanities Citation Index within the Web of Science Core Collection, or one of the platform’s regional indices — each governed by its own independent Clarivate selection criteria; being published, or indexed elsewhere such as in Scopus, does not automatically make a title searchable on Web of Science.
Scopus
Scopus is Elsevier's proprietary, subscription-based abstract-and-citation database of peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, books, and book chapters, launched in November 2004. A title is "in Scopus" only once Elsevier's Content Selection and Advisory Board has evaluated and accepted it against criteria including peer-review policy, publication ethics, and editorial diversity — inclusion is an ongoing editorial decision, not automatic, and previously indexed titles can later be suspended or discontinued if they stop meeting those criteria.
Google Scholar Citations profile
A self-created, self-curated author page on scholar.google.com that displays a researcher's publications alongside auto-updating citation count, h-index, and i10-index figures computed from Google Scholar's own web index, distinct from database-issued author records such as a Scopus Author ID or an ORCID iD.
Science Citation Index (SCI/SCIE)
A journal is considered SCI/SCIE-indexed when it has been formally evaluated and accepted by Clarivate into the Science Citation Index Expanded — the sciences-scoped citation index within the Web of Science Core Collection — based on Clarivate's editorial quality criteria (peer review, editorial rigor, ethical publishing standards) and impact criteria (citation influence). Indexing is not permanent: a journal can be added, and can later be suspended or delisted, if it stops meeting those criteria.
NISO Alternative Assessment Metrics (Altmetrics) Initiative
A NISO-run standards-development initiative (2013–2016), funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, whose three working groups on (A) definitions and use cases, (B) output types and persistent identifiers, and (C) data quality produced NISO RP-25-2016, “Outputs of the NISO Alternative Assessment Metrics Project” (September 2016) — the first community-vetted recommended practice covering altmetrics terminology, use cases, non-traditional output types, and provider transparency (via the associated Altmetrics Data Quality Code of Conduct). Something counts as an output of this initiative if it was produced by one of its three working groups and published in or alongside RP-25-2016. It names the specific NISO project and its documented deliverables — not the general altmetrics concept those deliverables define, and not any single vendor's proprietary scoring methodology, which the initiative explicitly did not attempt to standardize.
Metascience
The empirical, quantitative study of science itself: applying research methods to research methods, reporting practices, evaluation systems, and incentive structures, in order to describe how research is actually conducted and to test interventions that make it more reliable and efficient. Something counts as metascience when its object of study is the research process across a field — study design, statistical power, reporting completeness, peer review, replication rates, or how funding and career incentives shape researcher behavior — rather than a first-order scientific question within a specific discipline. Also called meta-research or, informally, "the science of science."
Re-evaluation cycle
The interval and criteria on which a researcher's, unit's, or output's contribution is periodically reassessed for tenure, promotion, or funder track-record review.
Lifetime contribution lens
An assessment approach evaluating a researcher's career as a whole -- including non-traditional outputs, career breaks, and mentorship -- rather than a fixed recent window of journal articles, typically operationalised through a narrative CV.
Career diversity
Recognition, within research assessment, that researchers contribute through varied routes -- industry-to-academia moves, career breaks, part-time research, late entry, discipline shifts, international mobility -- rather than a single linear, full-time, uninterrupted trajectory.
Process diversity (in assessment)
Recognition in research assessment of the diverse research processes researchers contribute to, including teaching, mentoring, peer review, leadership, software engineering, data curation, public engagement and policy work.
Output diversification
The recognition, in assessment criteria and CV formats, of datasets, software, protocols, and other non-paper outputs as legitimate, citable evidence of research contribution.
Peer review (in assessment)
The use of expert qualitative judgement by a grant panel, REF sub-panel, or promotion committee to evaluate a researcher's, output's, or unit's overall contribution, as distinct from editorial peer review of a single manuscript.
Quantitative-qualitative balance
The deliberate combination of metrics and expert qualitative judgement within a single assessment process, so that neither substitutes entirely for the other.
Responsible metrics
An approach to using quantitative indicators in research assessment that emphasises robustness, humility, transparency, diversity and reflexivity, as articulated in the 2015 Metric Tide report.
Twitter mentions (concept)
An altmetric signal counting public posts on Twitter (rebranded to X in 2023) that include a link or identifier referring to a specific research output.
Mendeley readership
An altmetric signal derived from the count of users who have added a research article to their personal library in the Mendeley reference manager.
Relative Citation Ratio (RCR, NIH)
An article-level field-normalised citation metric developed by the US National Institutes of Health, expressing an article's citations per year relative to the median in the article's co-citation network, with a value of 1.0 corresponding to NIH-funded median performance.
Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI)
An article-level citation indicator, published by Elsevier (SciVal/Scopus), that normalises an article's citation count against the average for outputs of the same publication year, document type and subject field, with 1.0 representing the world average.
Article-level metrics
Any impact or attention indicator reported at the level of an individual article rather than aggregated to its journal, including citation counts, downloads, and altmetric signals.
Altmetrics
A non-citation attention signal -- social-media mention, media coverage, policy citation, or reference-manager save -- used as one input alongside citation-based evidence, not a synonym for article-level metrics generally.
h-index
A researcher-level metric proposed by Jorge Hirsch in 2005, defined as the largest number h such that the researcher has published h papers each cited at least h times.
CiteScore
A journal-level metric published by Elsevier (Scopus) since 2016 that measures the average number of citations received in a given year by documents published in that journal during the previous four years.
Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
An annual journal-level metric, published by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), equal to the average number of citations in a given year to articles published in that journal during the preceding two years.
Personal statement (research assessment)
A short narrative section in a researcher CV, grant application or assessment dossier in which the researcher explains, in their own voice, the context, motivation and significance of their work and contributions, evaluated against explicit assessment criteria.
Biosketch (NIH-style)
The structured biographical document every senior/key person on an NIH grant application must submit. For due dates on or after January 25, 2026, NIH requires it in a new two-part NIH Biographical Sketch Common Form (Professional Preparation, Appointments and Positions, Products) plus a separate NIH Biosketch Supplement (Personal Statement, Honors, Contributions to Science) -- both prepared in SciENcv -- replacing the narrative five-page Section A-D format used since 2015.
R4RI mandate (UKRI 2024)
The UK Research and Innovation policy, fully effective in 2024, requiring applicants and reviewers in most UKRI funding opportunities to use the R4RI-derived narrative CV ('Resume for Research and Innovation') instead of traditional academic CVs.
R4RI (Resume for Researchers / Royal Society narrative CV)
R4RI (Résumé for Research and Innovation, also called Resume for Researchers or the Royal Society narrative CV) is UKRI's specific, named narrative-CV template. It structures a researcher's self-description around four defined domains rather than open-ended prose, and has been mandatory across UKRI funding applications since January 2024.
REF 2029
The next planned cycle of the UK Research Excellence Framework, currently scheduled with a submission deadline in 2028 and results in 2029, with substantial design changes following the Future Research Assessment Programme.
REF 2021
The 2021 cycle of the UK Research Excellence Framework, whose results were published in May 2022, assessing research produced between 2014 and 2020. Now superseded by REF 2029.
REF impact case study
A structured, four-to-five-page narrative submission to the UK's Research Excellence Framework (REF), describing how research carried out at the submitting institution produced a demonstrable effect, change, or benefit beyond academia.
REF (Research Excellence Framework, UK)
The UK's national exercise for assessing the quality of research in higher education institutions, used to inform the selective allocation of quality-related (QR) research funding.
Metric Tide Review: Harnessing the Metric Tide (2022)
The 2022-2023 re-examination of the original Metric Tide report, also chaired by James Wilsdon for Research England, which reviewed how responsible-metrics principles had been implemented since 2015.
Metric Tide Report
The 2015 independent review of the role of metrics in UK research assessment, commissioned by HEFCE and chaired by James Wilsdon, which introduced the concept of 'responsible metrics'.
Leiden Manifesto
A 2015 set of ten principles for the responsible use of quantitative indicators in research evaluation, authored by Hicks, Wouters, Waltman, de Rijcke and Rafols and published in Nature.
Hong Kong Principles for Assessing Researchers
A set of five principles published in 2020 to guide the assessment of researchers in ways that reward research integrity and trustworthy practice rather than productivity alone.
CoARA Agreement
The 2022 Agreement on Reforming Research Assessment that sets out ten commitments members of CoARA undertake to implement in their evaluation policies and practices, plus four enabling commitments on the coalition's own operation.
CoARA (Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment)
A multi-stakeholder coalition launched in 2022 to coordinate the reform of research assessment across institutions, funders and learned societies, primarily in Europe but with global membership.
DORA signatory
An individual or organisation that has formally endorsed the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment by registering its commitment on the DORA website.
DORA (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment)
A 2012 declaration urging that research assessment stop relying on journal-based metrics, particularly the Journal Impact Factor, as proxies for the quality of individual research outputs or researchers.
Two-page narrative
A two-page narrative is the short, fixed-length format convention used by R4RI and comparable narrative-CV schemes: applicants complete their contribution narrative within a hard length constraint (commonly rendered as roughly two sides of the template, though the operative limit is usually set as a word count by the specific funding opportunity) rather than writing an open-ended CV.
Teaching statement
A teaching statement is a US academic job-market document, typically 1-2 pages, in which a candidate for a faculty position describes their pedagogical approach: teaching philosophy, methods, and evidence of impact on student learning. It is a companion document to the research statement, addressing teaching rather than research, and some institutions require a separate, related teaching-diversity statement alongside it.
Research statement
A research statement is a US academic job-market document, typically 1-3 pages, in which a candidate for a faculty or tenure-track position describes their research program: past achievements framed as a coherent intellectual narrative and, critically, a forward-looking agenda for what they plan to investigate next. It is written for a hiring or tenure committee, not for a funder, and is distinct from both a publication list and from funder narrative-CV formats like R4RI.
Narrative CV
A narrative CV is a researcher self-description format built around free-text, qualitative narrative sections (contribution to knowledge, to colleagues, to the wider community) rather than a chronological list of publications, positions, and metrics. It is the general practice/movement in responsible research assessment; specific implementations of it include the UK's R4RI, the Dutch Recognition & Rewards programme's narrative formats, narrative sections within the NIH Biosketch, and the Swiss National Science Foundation's format.
