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v2026.1714 entries · CC-BY 4.0
Dictionary termTrack EStablev2026.2

REF (Research Excellence Framework, UK)

The UK's national exercise for assessing the quality of research in higher education institutions, used to inform the selective allocation of quality-related (QR) research funding.

ByCASRAI Editorial Board
· Last updated 21 May 2026

Examples

Worked examples

  • Is an instance

    An institution prepares a REF 2029 submission documenting outputs, impact case studies and environment statements.

  • Is an instance

    A panel chair convenes calibration meetings to ensure consistent expert scoring across submissions.

Counter-examples

Looks similar, but isn't

  • Not an instance

    Selecting outputs solely on the basis of journal impact factor, contrary to REF guidance.

  • Not an instance

    Submitting an impact case study without underpinning research evidence.

Editorial commentary

The REF was first held in 2014, succeeding the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE). It is run jointly by Research England, the Scottish Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales and the Department for the Economy Northern Ireland. Each unit of assessment is judged on three elements: outputs (the quality of research publications and other outputs), impact (the effects of research beyond academia) and environment (the strategy, resources and infrastructure supporting research). Subject panels score each submission on a five-point scale (4*, 3*, 2*, 1*, unclassified) using expert peer review.

References

  • ref.ac.uk. Research England guidance documents. Royal Society of Chemistry REF panel reports.

Also known as

REF · Research Excellence Framework

Machine-readable encodings

Use in your systems

JATS XML <role> element
xml
<role vocab="credit"
      vocab-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/"
      vocab-term="REF (Research Excellence Framework, UK)"
      vocab-term-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/ref-research-excellence-framework" />
Schema.org DefinedTerm (JSON-LD)
json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "DefinedTerm",
  "name": "REF (Research Excellence Framework, UK)",
  "identifier": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/ref-research-excellence-framework",
  "description": "The UK's national exercise for assessing the quality of research in higher education institutions, used to inform the selective allocation of quality-related (QR) research funding.",
  "inDefinedTermSet": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/domain/responsible-research-assessment/",
  "url": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/ref-research-excellence-framework",
  "sameAs": [
    "REF",
    "Research Excellence Framework"
  ],
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
}

Adopted by research universities worldwide

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