Dictionary · Full index
A–Z index of all dictionary terms
Every one of the 1858 terms in the CASRAI Dictionary, alphabetised and linked to its full definition. Use this as the complete map of the dictionary.
All terms
1858 terms
#27
- -80 degC freezer managementThe set of operational practices applied to ultra-low temperature (ULT) freezers to…
- “Degree of contribution” qualifier (lead/equal/supporting)The optional CRediT modifier that may be applied to any of the 14 CRediT roles to…
- 1000 Genomes ProjectThe 1000 Genomes Project was a completed (2008-2015) international research consortium…
- 15 CFR Part 734 (EAR — Scope and Definitions)15 CFR Part 734, titled “Scope of the Export Administration Regulations,” is the part of…
- 2 CFR 200 Subpart B (General Provisions)2 CFR 200 Subpart B ("General Provisions," 2 CFR 200.100-200.113) is the foundational,…
- 2 CFR 200 Subpart D (Post-Federal Award Requirements)2 CFR 200 Subpart D (§§200.300–200.346) is the set of Uniform Guidance provisions…
- 21 CFR 312.60 (General Responsibilities of Investigators)21 CFR 312.60 is the FDA regulation establishing that an investigator conducting an…
- 21 CFR 314.70 (Changes to an Approved NDA or ANDA)21 CFR 314.70 is the FDA regulation ("Supplements and other changes to an approved NDA,"…
- 21 CFR 314.80 (Postmarketing Reporting of Adverse Drug Experiences)The FDA regulation (21 CFR Part 314, Subpart B) requiring holders of an approved New Drug…
- 21 CFR Part 11 Temperature MonitoringA temperature-monitoring system (freezer, refrigerator, incubator, or cold-room monitor)…
- 21 CFR Part 11: Electronic Records & Signatures21 CFR Part 11 is FDA's regulation establishing the criteria under which an electronic…
- 21 CFR Part 314 (Applications for FDA Approval to Market a New Drug)21 CFR Part 314, "Applications for FDA Approval to Market a New Drug," is the FDA…
- 21 CFR Part 50 (Protection of Human Subjects)21 CFR Part 50 is the FDA's own human-subjects protection regulation. It applies to…
- 21 CFR Part 54 (Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators)21 CFR Part 54 is the FDA regulation requiring sponsors of a covered clinical study to…
- 21 CFR Part 56 (Institutional Review Boards)21 CFR Part 56 is FDA's own regulation governing Institutional Review Board (IRB) review…
- 22 CFR Part 120 (ITAR — Purpose and Definitions)22 CFR Part 120 is the opening part of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations…
- 3-2-1 Backup StrategyA data-protection rule requiring that any dataset worth protecting exist as at least…
- 35 U.S.C. § 154 (Patent Term)35 U.S.C. § 154 is the U.S. Patent Act provision that (a) defines the substantive right a…
- 35 U.S.C. § 282 (Presumption of Patent Validity and Invalidity Defenses)35 U.S.C. § 282 is the U.S. Patent Act provision that (a) presumes an issued patent, and…
- 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement)The 3Rs -- Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement -- are the founding ethical framework…
- 42 CFR Part 1142 CFR Part 11 is the federal regulation, titled "Clinical Trials Registration and…
- 45 CFR 164.512(i) (HIPAA Uses and Disclosures for Research Purposes)The provision of the HIPAA Privacy Rule, at 45 CFR 164.512(i), that permits a covered…
- 45 CFR 46 Subpart A (Basic HHS Policy for Protection of Human Research Subjects)The foundational section of the Common Rule (45 CFR 46, §§46.101-46.124) that establishes…
- 45 CFR 46 Subpart B (Additional Protections for Pregnant Women, Human Fetuses, and Neonates)The section of the Common Rule (45 CFR 46, §§46.201-46.207) that governs HHS-conducted or…
- 45 CFR 46 Subpart C (Additional Protections for Prisoners in Research)The section of the Common Rule (45 CFR 46, §§46.301-46.306) that governs HHS-conducted or…
- 45 CFR 46 Subpart D (Additional Protections for Children in Research)The section of the Common Rule (45 CFR 46, §§46.401-46.409) that governs HHS-conducted or…
- 5R Framework (lab sustainability)A hierarchical decision framework applied to laboratory consumables and waste: Refuse,…
A121
- AAALAC Accreditation RequirementsThe specific set of standards and recurring obligations an institution must satisfy to…
- AAALAC InternationalA private, nonprofit accrediting body (founded 1965, headquartered in Frederick,…
- AAHRPP (Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs)AAHRPP is an independent, non-profit accrediting body that reviews and certifies an…
- ABRF (Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities)ABRF (Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities) is the U.S.-based, membership…
- AbstractA standalone summary placed at the start of a research paper that states the study's…
- Academic impactThe contribution that research makes to the advancement of scientific knowledge and to…
- Academic JournalA publication counts as an academic (scholarly) journal when it is issued on a continuing…
- Accelerated ApprovalAccelerated Approval is an FDA regulatory pathway that lets the agency approve a drug or…
- Acceptable Similarity PercentageThere is no single, official percentage that marks a similarity/originality report as…
- AccessThe continued, available for use, ongoing usability of a digital resource, retaining all…
- Accessibility Remediation Metadata (ARM)Accessibility Remediation Metadata (ARM) is a metadata model, in development through a…
- Acknowledged contributorAn individual whose contribution to a research output is recognised in the…
- Acknowledgement (vs authorship for AI)The convention, codified by ICMJE and COPE (2023), that AI tool use must be disclosed in…
- Acknowledgments SectionThe part of a scholarly manuscript, typically placed after the discussion/conclusion and…
- ACM Artifact Review and BadgingACM Artifact Review and Badging is a formal peer-evaluation process, run alongside…
- ACM Policy on AuthorshipThe ACM Policy on Authorship is the Association for Computing Machinery's publisher-wide…
- ACS Nano’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)ACS Nano's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the annual two-year citation metric Clarivate…
- ACT Label (ACT Ecolabel)The ACT Label (ACT Ecolabel) is a product-level sustainability rating for laboratory…
- Action researchA research approach in which researchers and practitioners work together to investigate a…
- Active DMPA DMP that is actively maintained, updated, and queried during project execution,…
- Active grants disclosureThe disclosure of all research grants currently providing financial or in-kind support to…
- Active Substance Master File (ASMF)An EU/EEA regulatory submission format for a single active substance's manufacturing and…
- Active Voice vs. Passive VoiceIn scientific and academic writing, active voice makes the sentence's grammatical subject…
- Administrative MetadataAdministrative metadata is the category of metadata used to manage a resource — as…
- Advanced Materials’ Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Advanced Materials' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the annual two-year citation metric…
- Advarra IRBAdvarra is a commercial (independent) Institutional Review Board (IRB) provider based in…
- Adverse Event (AE)Any untoward medical occurrence in a subject administered a pharmaceutical or…
- Adverse Event of Special Interest (AESI)An Adverse Event of Special Interest (AESI) is an adverse event (serious or non-serious)…
- Affiliation (CRIS)In CRIS terminology, a time-bounded relationship between a Person record and an…
- African Open Science Platform (concept)The African Open Science Platform (AOSP) is a continental open-science infrastructure and…
B43
- Backhaul FreightA shipment counts as backhaul freight -- rather than a standard (headhaul/dedicated)…
- Backorder vs. Discontinued: Reading Medical Supply Vendor Status CodesA backorder is a temporary vendor status: the item remains in the vendor's active catalog…
- Basket TrialA basket trial is a clinical trial design, formalized by FDA as one of three…
- Bayesian Adaptive DesignA Bayesian adaptive design is a clinical trial design in which the statistical framework…
- Bayh-Dole ActThe Bayh-Dole Act (Public Law 96-517, enacted December 12, 1980, codified at 35 U.S.C. §§…
- BBB Rating Scale: What A+ Actually MeansThe BBB rating scale is the letter-grade system (A+ through F, in thirteen notches: A+,…
- BBSRC (Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council)BBSRC is one of the seven discipline-based research councils inside UK Research and…
- Beall’s ListBeall's List refers to the self-published blacklist of publishers and standalone journals…
- Belmont ReportThe Belmont Report is the 1979 statement titled "Ethical Principles and Guidelines for…
- Bench-to-bedsideA phrase used in biomedical research to describe the translation of laboratory ('bench')…
- Beneficiary (Horizon Europe)A legal entity that signs the Horizon Europe Grant Agreement and is directly accountable…
- Benefit-sharing agreementA formal arrangement specifying how the benefits arising from research, use of…
- Best Evidence Synthesis (BES)Best evidence synthesis (BES) is a review method, originated by Robert Slavin as an…
- Beyond-Use Date (BUD)A beyond-use date (BUD) is the date, or date and hour, established by a compounding…
- Bias audit (model)A model audit scoped specifically to fairness and discrimination criteria: measuring…
- Bibliodiversity: The 2017 Jussieu CallThe principle that the global scholarly publishing ecosystem should support a plurality…
- BibliographyA bibliography is a systematic list of the sources an author consulted or judged relevant…
- BIG-benchThe Beyond the Imitation Game benchmark, a community-contributed collection of more than…
- BiobankAn organised collection of biological samples (typically human samples such as blood,…
- Biocultural labelsCommunity-controlled metadata labels developed within the Local Contexts framework to…
- BiorepositoryA facility or organisation that collects, processes, stores, and distributes biological…
- Biosafety and BiosecurityBiosafety and biosecurity are the two complementary risk-management frameworks that…
- Biosafety Cabinet (BSC)A biosafety cabinet (BSC) is a ventilated enclosure that uses HEPA filtration (removing…
- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL)Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) is the primary US…
- Biosafety Level (BSL)The graded laboratory-containment classification -- BSL-1 through BSL-4 -- assigned under…
- Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1)The CDC/NIH BMBL laboratory-containment tier assigned to a protocol when the biological…
- Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2)The CDC/NIH BMBL laboratory-containment tier assigned to a protocol when the biological…
- Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3)The CDC/NIH BMBL laboratory-containment tier assigned to a protocol when the biological…
- Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)The CDC/NIH BMBL's maximum laboratory-containment tier, assigned when a protocol involves…
- Biosafety Level 5 (BSL-5)There is no “Biosafety Level 5” (BSL-5) in the biosafety containment framework used in…
C225
- C2PA Content ProvenanceC2PA content provenance refers to the tamper-evident metadata record — called a Content…
- Cabells Predatory ReportsCabells Predatory Reports (formerly Cabells' Blacklist, renamed in June 2020) is a…
- Cambridge University Press Open Access PolicyCambridge University Press's (CUP) approach to open access publishing centred on Read &…
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)The Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) is an independent, not-for-profit corporation…
- Canada Research Chair (CRC)A Canada Research Chair (CRC) is a Tier 1 or Tier 2 professorship funded through the…
- Cancer Cell’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Cancer Cell is a peer-reviewed oncology and cancer-biology journal published by Cell…
- Cancer Discovery’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Cancer Discovery's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level…
- Cancer Research’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Cancer Research's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level…
- CAP Biorepository Accreditation Program (CAP-BAP)The CAP Biorepository Accreditation Program (CAP-BAP) is a voluntary, formal…
- CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Action)CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Action) is the formal quality-system process an…
- Capital EquipmentA tangible, non-consumable asset with a useful life of more than one year and a per-unit…
- Capital Equipment Depreciation ScheduleA capital equipment depreciation schedule is the itemized calculation, specific to one…
- Carbon accounting (research)The systematic measurement, calculation, and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions across…
- Carbon-aware computingThe practice of scheduling, shifting, or routing computational workloads in response to…
- CARE Case Report GuidelinesThe CARE (CAse REport) Guidelines are a 13-item reporting checklist, developed by an…
- CARE PrinciplesA set of principles for Indigenous data governance articulated by the Global Indigenous…
- Career breakA documented absence from active research work of at least three months' duration arising…
- Career diversityRecognition, within research assessment, that researchers contribute through varied…
- Career interruptionA near-synonym of career break used by some funders (notably the Royal Society and ERC)…
- Carry-forwardThe authorised transfer of unobligated grant funds from one budget period to the next…
- Cascading Peer ReviewCascading peer review (also called portable or transferable peer review) is a…
- Case Fatality Rate (CFR)The case fatality rate (CFR) is the proportion of confirmed cases of a specified disease…
- Case reportA peer-reviewed publication describing in detail one or a small number of individual…
- Case Report Form (CRF)A case report form (CRF) is the study-specific data-collection instrument -- paper or…
- Case Report IRB ExemptionA case report is generally treated as exempt from IRB (Common Rule) jurisdiction when it…
- Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA)The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) was the government-wide,…
- Catalyst grantA targeted, often small-to-medium-value funding mechanism designed to catalyse strategic…
- Categorical grantA grant restricted by the awarding government to a narrowly defined purpose or category…
- Category A Bioterrorism AgentsCategory A is the highest-priority tier of CDC's three-tier (A/B/C) bioterrorism-agent…
- CCAC (Canadian Council on Animal Care)The Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) is Canada's national, non-profit,…
D127
- DARPA Countering Foreign Influence Program (CFIP)A DARPA-specific risk-review process, applied to proposed awards, in which senior/key…
- Darwin CoreA data standard ratified by TDWG (Biodiversity Information Standards) — a glossary of…
- Data availability statementA data availability statement is a mandatory manuscript section, distinct from the…
- Data Breach Response PlanA data breach response plan for research data is a documented, pre-established procedure…
- Data citation principleThe data citation principles are the eight normative rules — importance, credit and…
- Data commonsA shared data resource — often combined with shared computing and analysis tools —…
- Data controllerThe natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body that, alone or…
- Data CurationThe active, ongoing management of research data across its lifecycle -- organizing files…
- Data Curation Network (DCN)The Data Curation Network (DCN) is a membership consortium of academic and non-profit…
- Data CuratorA data curator is an institutional role — usually in a library, research data service, or…
- Data DredgingSearching a dataset for statistically significant relationships across many variables,…
- Data hubA central node in a data ecosystem that aggregates, harmonises, and brokers access to…
- Data lakeA storage repository that holds large volumes of structured, semi-structured, and…
- Data leakage (training)Contamination of an AI model's training corpus with data that should have remained held…
- Data Management Plan (DMP)A Data Management Plan (DMP) is a required condition of award at most major research…
- Data OwnershipThe allocation of legal title to and decision-making control over a research dataset.…
- Data paperA data paper (or data descriptor) is a peer-reviewed publication describing a dataset —…
- Data processorA natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body that processes personal…
- Data Protection Act 2018, Schedule 2, Paragraph 27 (Research Exemption)The provision in Part 6 of Schedule 2 to the UK Data Protection Act 2018 that lets a…
- Data Protection Act 2018, Section 19 (Research Safeguards)DPA 2018 Section 19 was the UK domestic provision requiring that…
- Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)A documented assessment required under Article 35 of the GDPR where a type of processing…
- Data publication platformA platform that supports the publication of research data as a citable artefact —…
- Data RepositoryA system or platform dedicated to the long-term storage, curation, preservation, and…
- Data safe havenA secure data-handling environment that allows controlled, audited access to sensitive…
- Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB)An independent group of clinical, statistical, and (where relevant) bioethics experts,…
- Data Safety Monitoring Plan (DSMP)A Data Safety Monitoring Plan (DSMP) is the written document a study team develops --…
- Data Sharing Agreement (DSA)A contract between two or more parties that governs the bidirectional or multilateral…
- Data statement (NLP)A standardised description of an NLP dataset covering curation rationale, language…
- Data steward role (in DMP)A named individual or role accountable for the day-to-day execution of a DMP's…
- Data Stewardship Wizard (DSW)An open-source, self-hostable DMP-authoring platform that generates data management plans…
E91
- EAR99 ClassificationEAR99 is the residual classification for an item, software, or technology that is subject…
- Early Stage Investigator (ESI)An Early Stage Investigator (ESI) is an NIH designation for a Program Director/Principal…
- Early-career researcher (ECR)A researcher within a defined number of years (typically 5-8) of their first doctoral…
- ECCN (Export Control Classification Number)An Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) is a five-character alphanumeric code…
- ECCN Determination ProcessThe process by which a specific item, technology, or piece of software is assigned an…
- Ecological Metadata Language (EML)The XML-based metadata specification (current stable release EML 2.2.0) used to document…
- Economic impactA quantifiable financial or employment effect of research -- jobs, revenue, licensing…
- eConsent (Electronic Informed Consent)eConsent (electronic informed consent) is the use of an electronic system, often…
- ECSA (European Citizen Science Association)A European network of citizen-science practitioners, researchers and project owners that…
- eCTD (Electronic Common Technical Document)A regulatory submission qualifies as an eCTD only when its files are organized into the…
- Editorial boardAn editorial board is the named group of individuals — typically an editor-in-chief (or…
- Editorial contributionIntellectual work performed in the role of editor for a scholarly venue — including…
- Editorial IndependenceEditorial independence is the principle, formalized by COPE (Committee on Publication…
- eduGAINeduGAIN is an interfederation service, operated by GÉANT, that interconnects…
- Effect SizeEffect size is a standardized, quantitative measure of the magnitude of a difference,…
- Effort CertificationThe process by which an individual with direct, first-hand knowledge of the work…
- ELAP Certification (Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program)A laboratory holds ELAP certification when California's State Water Resources Control…
- Electronic Batch Record (EBR)An Electronic Batch Record (EBR) is the electronic-system equivalent of a paper batch…
- Electronic Clinical Outcome Assessment (eCOA)The technology/platform category (provisioned device, BYOD app, IVR/IWR, or site-based…
- Electronic Data Capture (EDC)Electronic Data Capture (EDC) is the general category of software systems that collect…
- Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) in Medical Supply ProcurementElectronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the direct, computer-to-computer exchange of…
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN)An electronic lab notebook (ELN) is software that replaces the paper laboratory notebook…
- Electronic Medical Record (EMR)An electronic medical record (EMR) is the digital equivalent of a single healthcare…
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD)A thesis or dissertation prepared, submitted, and archived in digital form (typically a…
- Electronic Trial Master File (eTMF)An eTMF is a software system -- standalone or a CTMS module -- used to create, store,…
- Elements (Symplectic)A commercial CRIS product developed by Symplectic (part of Digital Science) that…
- Elicit (AI Research Assistant)Elicit is a named AI research-assistant platform (built by the public benefit corporation…
- EmbargoRestriction of access to the content of a copy of a work for a defined period of time.
- Emergency UnblindingEmergency unblinding (an emergency code-break) is the procedure by which a blinded…
- Empirical reproducibilityThe ability to obtain consistent observations when an empirical procedure (laboratory,…
F79
- F&A WaiverAn F&A waiver (indirect cost rate waiver) is an institution's agreement to recover…
- F31 (NIH Predoctoral Individual NRSA Fellowship)An F31 is an NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) individual…
- F32 (NIH Postdoctoral Individual NRSA Fellowship)An F32 is an NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) individual…
- FabricationMaking up data or results and recording or reporting them as if real (42 CFR § 93.211). A…
- FAIR Data PrinciplesThe FAIR data principles are a set of four foundational goals — Findable, Accessible,…
- FAIR Implementation Profile (FIP)A FAIR Implementation Profile (FIP) is a structured, machine-actionable declaration of…
- Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs)Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs) are a U.S.-originated framework of privacy…
- FAIR-AwareFAIR-Aware is a free, self-guided online self-assessment questionnaire developed by DANS…
- FAIR4RS (FAIR Principles for Research Software)Software satisfies FAIR4RS to the extent it meets the four adapted FAIR categories --…
- FAIRsharing (concept)A curated, community-driven registry of databases, standards (metadata, identifiers,…
- Fake CitationA fake citation (also called a fabricated citation or, when the source is a paper never…
- FalsificationManipulating research materials, equipment, processes, or data such that the research…
- FAR 52.227-11 (Patent Rights — Ownership by the Contractor)FAR 52.227-11, “Patent Rights—Ownership by the Contractor,” is the patent-rights clause…
- FAR Part 31 (Contract Cost Principles and Procedures)FAR Part 31 (48 CFR Part 31), 'Contract Cost Principles and Procedures,' is the section…
- Favourable Opinion (NHS REC)The formal outcome an NHS Research Ethics Committee (REC) in the UK issues after…
- FDA (Food and Drug Administration)The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the federal agency within the Department…
- FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)A post-marketing surveillance database maintained by the U.S. Food and Drug…
- FDA BIMO (Bioresearch Monitoring) ProgramFDA's Bioresearch Monitoring (BIMO) Program is the umbrella FDA inspection and data-audit…
- FDA Biomarker Qualification ProgramA biomarker is qualified under FDA's Biomarker Qualification Program (BQP) when FDA has…
- FDA Biosimilars (351(k) Pathway)An FDA biosimilar is a biological product approved under section 351(k) of the Public…
- FDA Breakthrough Device DesignationBreakthrough Device Designation is a voluntary FDA status, created by Section 3051 of the…
- FDA De Novo ClassificationDe Novo classification is an FDA pathway, provided for at Section 513(f)(2) of the FD&C…
- FDA Fast Track DesignationFast Track designation is an FDA status, created by the FDA Modernization Act of 1997 and…
- FDA FOIA RequestA written request filed under 5 U.S.C. § 552 and FDA's implementing regulation, 21 CFR…
- FDA Form 1572 (Statement of Investigator)FDA Form 1572 ("Statement of Investigator") is the signed document by which an individual…
- FDA Form 3454 (Certification: Financial Interests and Arrangements of Clinical Investigators)FDA Form 3454 ('Certification: Financial Interests and Arrangements of Clinical…
- FDA Form 3455 (Disclosure: Financial Interests and Arrangements of Clinical Investigators)FDA Form 3455 ('Disclosure: Financial Interests and Arrangements of Clinical…
- FDA Form 356hFDA Form 356h ("Application to Market a New or Abbreviated New Drug or Biologic for Human…
- FDA Form 3926FDA Form 3926, officially the "Individual Patient Expanded Access Investigational New…
- FDA Form 483An FDA Form 483 is a written list of "inspectional observations" that an FDA investigator…
G56
- GA4GH (Global Alliance for Genomics and Health)An international not-for-profit alliance, founded in 2013, that develops and maintains…
- Garden of forking pathsThe Gelman-Loken metaphor for the implicit, data-dependent multiplicity of analytical…
- Gateway to Research (GtR)UKRI's free, public web portal (gtr.ukri.org) that publishes structured data on…
- GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)GBIF (the Global Biodiversity Information Facility) is an intergovernmental network and…
- GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)The European Union regulation that governs the processing of personal data of individuals…
- GDPR Article 22 (Automated Decision-Making in Research)GDPR Article 22(1) gives a data subject 'the right not to be subject to a decision based…
- GDPR Article 44 (International Data Transfers)GDPR Article 44 is the opening provision of Chapter V of the EU General Data Protection…
- GDPR Article 5(1)(b) Purpose Limitation (Compatible Research Use)Article 5(1)(b) of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) states the purpose…
- GDPR Article 6(1)(e) Public Task Legal BasisGDPR Article 6(1)(e) is one of six lawful bases in Article 6(1) that can justify…
- GDPR Recital 33 (Broad Consent for Scientific Research)GDPR Recital 33 is the preambular text explaining how consent works for scientific…
- GeneralisabilityThe extent to which a study's findings extend to populations, settings, or conditions…
- Generalist repositoryA generalist repository accepts research outputs regardless of subject area or data type,…
- Generative AIArtificial intelligence systems whose primary output is novel content (text, images,…
- Generative-AI disclosure statementA dedicated section in a manuscript — typically headed 'Use of Generative AI' or similar…
- Genome CanadaGenome Canada is a federally funded, not-for-profit organisation, established in 2000,…
- Genomic Data Commons (GDC)NCI's harmonized repository for cancer genomic and clinical data (TCGA, TARGET, and…
- Geographic Editorial DiversityThe presence on a journal's editorial board, reviewer pool and authorship of researchers…
- Ghost authorshipThe undisclosed substantial contribution to a manuscript by a person not listed as an…
- GIDA (Global Indigenous Data Alliance)An international network of Indigenous-led organisations and individuals advancing…
- Gift authorshipThe inclusion as an author of a person who did not meet the substantive authorship…
- GISAIDA public-private data-sharing initiative (founded 2008, from a 2006 avian-influenza…
- GitHub mirrorA copy of a Git repository (or set of repositories) hosted on GitHub that tracks an…
- Global-South PublishingScholarly publishing originating from, owned by or serving researchers and communities in…
- GlobusA non-profit, hosted research data management service - built on GridFTP-based transfer…
- Glove Compatibility ChartA glove compatibility chart is a reference table, published by a glove manufacturer,…
- GMP FacilityA GMP facility is a manufacturing, packaging, testing, storage, or distribution site that…
- gnomAD (Genome Aggregation Database)gnomAD is a population-scale reference database of aggregated human exome and genome…
- Gnotobiotic MiceA mouse (or other laboratory animal) is gnotobiotic when its microbial status is…
- Gold open accessThe publisher version of a publication is immediately and permanently freely available…
- Good Clinical Data Management Practices (GCDMP)A clinical data management (CDM) process, procedure, or document is following Good…
H43
- h-indexA researcher-level metric proposed by Jorge Hirsch in 2005, defined as the largest number…
- H-Index InflationH-index inflation is a rise in a researcher's h-index that is driven mainly by…
- HallucinationAn output from a generative AI system that is presented confidently and fluently but is…
- Hand-off (between phases)The structured transfer of project responsibility, knowledge, and artefacts from one…
- HandleAn identifier in the CNRI Handle System (RFC 3650-3652), of the form Prefix/Suffix (e.g.…
- HARKing (Hypothesising After Results are Known)HARKing is presenting a post hoc, data-driven hypothesis in a paper's Introduction as…
- Harvard Dataverse (concept)A free research-data repository operated by Harvard University on the open-source…
- Health and Care Research Wales (HCRW)Health and Care Research Wales (HCRW) is the Welsh Government-funded national body…
- Health Canada Special Access Program (SAP)Health Canada's Special Access Program (SAP) is the federal mechanism that lets a…
- Health Data Research UK (HDR UK)Health Data Research UK (HDR UK) is the UK's national institute for health data science…
- Health Research Authority (HRA)The Health Research Authority (HRA) is an executive non-departmental public body…
- Health Technology Assessment (HTA)Health technology assessment (HTA) is the systematic, multidisciplinary process by which…
- Heliyon’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Heliyon's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a specific, illustrative instance of the general…
- HELM benchmarkThe Holistic Evaluation of Language Models benchmark, a multi-metric framework evaluating…
- Helsinki Initiative on Multilingualism in Scholarly CommunicationThe Helsinki Initiative on Multilingualism in Scholarly Communication is a 2019…
- HHS Grants Policy Statement (HHS GPS)The HHS Grants Policy Statement (HHS GPS) is the U.S. Department of Health and Human…
- Hierarchy of Controls (NIOSH)The hierarchy of controls is a five-level framework, developed and maintained by NIOSH…
- Hijacked journalA journal is operating as a hijacked journal when a website solicits and accepts…
- HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability Act)Something is properly described as "HIPAA" (rather than another privacy regime) when it…
- HIPAA Accounting of DisclosuresA disclosure of protected health information (PHI) is subject to the HIPAA…
- HIPAA and Retrospective ResearchA retrospective study (most commonly a retrospective chart review) uses protected health…
- HIPAA in Clinical ResearchA research activity falls under 'HIPAA in clinical research' when a HIPAA covered entity…
- HIPAA Privacy RuleThe US federal regulation at 45 CFR Parts 160 and 164 Subparts A and E that establishes…
- Hong Kong Principles (2020)Five principles for assessing researchers, articulated by Moher and colleagues at the 6th…
- Hong Kong Principles for Assessing ResearchersA set of five principles published in 2020 to guide the assessment of researchers in ways…
- Horizon Europe Article 19 (Ethics)Article 19 of Regulation (EU) 2021/695 is the Horizon Europe framework Regulation's…
- Horizon Europe Article 39 (Open Access)Article 39 of Regulation (EU) 2021/695, the Horizon Europe framework regulation, is the…
- Horizon Europe Article 7: Gender Equality Plan (GEP)Article 7 of the Horizon Europe framework regulation (Regulation (EU) 2021/695) makes…
- HREA (Human Research Ethics Application)The Human Research Ethics Application (HREA) is the standard, NHMRC-developed application…
- HREC (Human Research Ethics Committee)The Australian term for the committee that reviews and approves research involving human…
I110
- I.e. vs. E.g."I.e." (Latin id est, "that is") restates or clarifies the statement it follows with an…
- i10-indexA Google Scholar-specific author metric equal to the count of a researcher's publications…
- IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee)An institutionally appointed committee constituted under the US Animal Welfare Act…
- IACUC Adverse Event and Unanticipated Outcome PlanAn IACUC adverse event and unanticipated outcome plan is the written contingency…
- IACUC Semiannual Program Review and Facility InspectionThe PHS-Policy-mandated recurring self-governance duties every Institutional Animal Care…
- ICER (Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio)The ICER (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio) is the additional cost of one health…
- ICF (Informed Consent Form)The specific written document, IRB-approved before use, that restates a study's required…
- ICH (International Council for Harmonisation)The international standard-setting body — a Swiss non-profit association of drug…
- ICH E2A (Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting)ICH E2A is the ICH tripartite guideline (Step 4, 1994; adopted by FDA, EMA, and Japan)…
- ICH E6(R2) (Good Clinical Practice, 2016 Addendum)ICH E6(R2) is the 2016 integrated addendum to ICH's original E6(R1) (1996) Good Clinical…
- ICH E6(R2) Section 5 Sponsor ObligationsA duty ICH E6(R2) Section 5 (subsections 5.0 through 5.23) assigns by default to the…
- ICH E6(R3) (Good Clinical Practice Guideline Revision)ICH E6(R3) is the current, staged-adoption revision of ICH's core Good Clinical Practice…
- ICH E9 (Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials)ICH E9, "Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials," is the International Council for…
- ICH GCP (Good Clinical Practice)ICH GCP is the ICH-issued international standard (current core revision: E6(R3),…
- ICH M4 (Common Technical Document / CTD)ICH M4 is the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) multidisciplinary guideline…
- ICH Q/S/E/M Guideline Categories (Quality, Safety, Efficacy, Multidisciplinary)The four-letter taxonomy the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) uses to…
- ICH Q1 (Stability Testing Guidance)ICH Q1 is the International Council for Harmonisation's guideline series covering the…
- ICH Q10 (Pharmaceutical Quality System)ICH Q10 (Pharmaceutical Quality System) is the ICH Quality-series guideline that defines…
- ICH Q7 (Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients)ICH Q7 ("Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients") is the…
- ICH Q8 (Pharmaceutical Development)ICH Q8(R2) (Pharmaceutical Development) is the ICH Quality-series guideline covering the…
- ICH Q9 (Quality Risk Management)ICH Q9 (Quality Risk Management) is the ICH guideline establishing a systematic process —…
- ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors)Working group of medical journal editors whose Recommendations set de facto authorship,…
- ICMJE Generative AI PolicyThe International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) sets out its rules on…
- ICPSR (concept)Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research: a…
- IDE Application (Investigational Device Exemption Application)An IDE application is the formal submission a sponsor files with FDA's Center for Devices…
- Idea phaseThe earliest phase of the research project lifecycle, in which a researcher identifies a…
- Identifier crosswalkA mapping or correspondence table between identifiers in different schemes that refer to…
- Identifier schemeA named, formally-defined system for constructing, issuing, and resolving identifiers,…
- Identifier syntaxThe formal grammar that constrains the textual form of identifiers in a given scheme —…
- IEEE Conflict of Interest DisclosureIEEE conflict of interest (COI) disclosure refers to the author- and reviewer-facing…
J25
- Jailbreak (LLM)A prompt or interaction pattern that causes a language model to bypass its safety…
- JAMA Network Impact Factor: Why There’s No Single FigureJAMA Network's Impact Factor is not a single figure: JAMA Network is the American Medical…
- JAMA Network Open’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)JAMA Network Open's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level…
- jamovijamovi is a free, open-source statistical software application that provides a…
- JASON Report on research securityA 2019 report by the JASON advisory group, commissioned by the US National Science…
- JATS XMLJournal Article Tag Suite (ANSI/NISO Z39.96): an XML vocabulary for describing the…
- JCI Insight’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)JCI Insight's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the annual Clarivate-calculated citation…
- Je-S (Joint Electronic Submission)Je-S (Joint Electronic Submission), hosted at je-s.rcuk.ac.uk, is UK Research and…
- Jesse Gelsinger CaseThe Jesse Gelsinger case refers to the September 17, 1999 death of an 18-year-old…
- Joint appointment (foreign)A formal appointment in which a researcher holds simultaneous positions at their primary…
- Joint Associations Group (JAG) on Indirect CostsThe Joint Associations Group (JAG) on Indirect Costs is a coalition of national…
- Joint Declaration of Data Citation PrinciplesThe Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles is the specific 2014 FORCE11 document —…
- JOSS (Journal of Open Source Software)JOSS is a peer-reviewed, diamond open-access academic journal, founded in 2016 under the…
- Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS)Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS) is the American Psychological Association's…
- Journal Article Versions (JAV)Journal Article Versions (JAV) is the NISO/ALPSP-defined controlled vocabulary (NISO…
- Journal Citation Indicator (JCI)A journal's Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is the field-normalized citation-impact…
- Journal Citation Reports (JCR): What It Is and What Is In ItJournal Citation Reports (JCR) is Clarivate's annual analytics database and publication…
- Journal EditorA journal editor is a person holding operational editorial authority over a journal or…
- Journal Impact Factor (JIF)An annual journal-level metric, published by Clarivate in the Journal Citation Reports…
- Journal of Biological Chemistry’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)The Journal of Biological Chemistry's (JBC) Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the…
- Journal of Clinical Investigation’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)The Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI)'s Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is that…
- Journal of Neuroscience’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)The Journal of Neuroscience's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed,…
- Journal Registration (ISSN Registration)Journal registration is the process of obtaining an International Standard Serial Number…
- Journal ReviewerA journal reviewer (also called a peer reviewer or referee) is a subject-matter expert an…
- Jussieu Call for Open Science and BibliodiversityThe Jussieu Call for Open Science and Bibliodiversity is an open-access policy…
K12
- K01 (NIH Mentored Research Scientist Development Award)A K01 is an NIH individual, mentored career-development activity code (Mentored Research…
- K99/R00 (Pathway to Independence Award)The K99/R00 (Pathway to Independence Award) is a two-phase NIH career-development…
- KBART (Knowledge Bases And Related Tools)A NISO Recommended Practice (currently RP-9-2014, KBART Phase II) that defines a common…
- KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)A manually curated, integrated database resource -- initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa…
- Kerndatensatz Forschung (KDSF)The Kerndatensatz Forschung (KDSF) is Germany's national standard defining how…
- Knowledge Equity IndexA composite measure or framework that quantifies how equitably knowledge production,…
- Knowledge exchange (KE)A two-way process through which knowledge, ideas and experiences are shared between…
- Knowledge Exchange Framework (KEF)Research England's national exercise for assessing and benchmarking how English higher…
- Knowledge mobilisation (KMb)The processes by which research evidence and other forms of knowledge are made…
- Knowledge translation (KT)The process of moving research knowledge into use -- synthesising, disseminating,…
- Knowledge-to-Action (KTA) FrameworkThe Knowledge-to-Action (KTA) Framework is a specific conceptual model for how research…
- Kudos (research-impact platform)Kudos is a free platform on which an author or institution takes a…
L34
- Lab Equipment Lifecycle AssessmentA structured environmental impact assessment of a laboratory instrument or equipment item…
- Lab leadership (supervision extension)Substantive oversight of a research team or laboratory by a principal investigator or…
- Lab waste auditA structured exercise in which a laboratory measures and categorises the volume, type,…
- LabguruLabguru is a cloud-based ELN and LIMS platform from BioData Inc. that combines experiment…
- Laboratory Safety (OSHA Chemical Hygiene Plan)A written, laboratory-specific compliance program required under OSHA's Laboratory…
- Large language model (LLM)A neural-network model trained on large text corpora using self-supervised next-token…
- Last AuthorThe name occupying the final position in a scholarly work's byline. In…
- Late-Phase Clinical StudyA late-phase clinical study is a Phase IIIb or Phase IV clinical investigation of a drug…
- Latindex (concept)A regional online information system for scientific journals from Latin America, the…
- Lead AuthorA person is called a "lead author" in one of two distinct senses. Most commonly, it is an…
- LEAF (Laboratory Efficiency Assessment Framework)A standards-based assessment framework developed by University College London that scores…
- Leiden ManifestoA 2015 set of ten principles for the responsible use of quantitative indicators in…
- Lessons learnedA structured retrospective summary of what worked well, what did not, and what the…
- Letter of Credit DrawdownA letter of credit drawdown is the cash-management method under which a recipient…
- Letter of Intent (NIH)An NIH Letter of Intent (LOI) was a short, non-binding, typically one-page…
- Letter of Reference (Academic and Research Careers)A formal, signed endorsement of a specific researcher's qualifications, scholarly record,…
- Letter to editorA short scholarly communication submitted to a journal in response to a…
- Leverhulme TrustAn independent UK charitable foundation, endowed under the will of William Hesketh Lever…
- Library Publishing Coalition (LPC)The Library Publishing Coalition (LPC) is an independent, community-led membership…
- LicenceIn scholarly publishing, the legal terms under which a work — an article, dataset,…
- License AgreementA license agreement is a contract in which the owner of intellectual property (IP) -- a…
- Lifetime contribution lensAn assessment approach evaluating a researcher's career as a whole -- including…
- Limited Data Set (HIPAA)A dataset qualifies as a HIPAA limited data set under 45 CFR 164.514(e) when a covered…
- Limited IRB ReviewLimited IRB review is a narrow, privacy-focused form of IRB review that the 2018 Revised…
- LIMS vs LIS: What’s the Difference?A system is a LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System) when its central unit of…
- Link ResolverA link resolver is OpenURL-based library-discovery software that accepts a…
- Linked Data FragmentsA family of Web interfaces for publishing RDF data — ranging from data dumps through…
- Lived-experience expertA person whose personal experience of a condition, situation or issue is recognised as a…
- Living DMPA DMP that is versioned, citable, and intended to evolve over the life of the project,…
- Living reviewA review article — systematic or otherwise — that is continuously or periodically updated…
M75
- Machine-actionable DMP (maDMP)A machine-actionable data management plan (maDMP) is a data management plan structured so…
- Maiam nayri WingaraAn Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander data sovereignty collective in Australia,…
- Maintenance of Effort (MOE)Maintenance of Effort (MOE) is a condition attached to certain federal (and some state)…
- Major ContributorA "major contributor" is an informal, functional description — not a defined category in…
- Many-analysts studyA many-analysts study is a research-methods design in which multiple independent teams…
- March-In RightsMarch-in rights are the authority under 35 U.S.C. § 203 letting a federal funding agency…
- Master’s-level researcherA researcher whose highest qualification is a master's degree (MSc, MA, MRes, MPhil,…
- Matauranga MaoriMaori knowledge: the body of knowledge, ways of knowing, and practices held by Maori…
- Match fundingA funding model in which one party's contribution is conditional on a matching…
- Material Transfer Agreement (MTA)A bilateral contract governing the transfer of tangible research materials between two…
- mBio’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)mBio's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the two-year citation ratio Clarivate calculates…
- MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) is a Basel,…
- Mean Kinetic Temperature (MKT)A calculation counts as mean kinetic temperature (MKT), in the USP sense, if it meets…
- MedDRA (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities)MedDRA (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities) is the standardized, five-level…
- Medical Device Amendments of 1976The Medical Device Amendments of 1976 (Pub. L. 94-295) is the U.S. federal statute,…
- Medical Device Reporting (MDR)Medical Device Reporting (MDR) is FDA's mandatory adverse-event reporting system under 21…
- Medical Monitor (Clinical Trials)A Medical Monitor is the physician (or other appropriately qualified clinician)…
- Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF)The Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) is the Australian Government's dedicated…
- Medical writer contributionProfessional writing assistance to drafting a biomedical manuscript by a person whose…
- Medical Writing in Clinical TrialsMedical writing in clinical trials is the specialized discipline of drafting, editing,…
- Medicare Clinical Trial Policy (NCD 310.1)The Medicare Clinical Trial Policy is the national coverage framework, codified as…
- MEDLINE DatabaseMEDLINE is the U.S. National Library of Medicine's core bibliographic database of…
- Mendeley readershipAn altmetric signal derived from the count of users who have added a research article to…
- Mental Capacity Act 2005: The Consultee Model for ResearchThe Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) consultee model is the mechanism England and Wales use…
- MenteeA researcher (typically more junior) who receives career, intellectual, or professional…
- MentorAn experienced researcher who provides career, intellectual, or professional guidance to…
- Mentoring agreementA mentoring agreement is a short written document, agreed jointly by a mentor and mentee…
- Mentorship contributionCareer, intellectual, or methodological guidance provided to a researcher (typically more…
- Meta-analysisA quantitative synthesis of effect estimates from multiple studies on a common question,…
- Meta-SynthesisMeta-synthesis is the systematic integration of findings across multiple primary…
N114
- Narrative CVA narrative CV is a researcher self-description format built around free-text,…
- Narrative reviewA literature review that synthesises existing scholarship on a topic through expert…
- NASA Research Security Training (GIC 26-02)NASA's research security training requirement, established under Grant Information…
- National AI Research Resource (NAIRR)The National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) is a US federal initiative -- currently…
- National Clinical Trials Governance Framework (NCTGF)The National Clinical Trials Governance Framework (NCTGF) is an Australian…
- National data infrastructureA coordinated, nationally-scoped programme and set of services for the storage, sharing,…
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) is the Australian Government's…
- National Mutual Acceptance (NMA) SchemeThe National Mutual Acceptance (NMA) scheme is the Australian mechanism that allows a…
- National Research Act of 1974The National Research Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-348, signed July 12, 1974) is the U.S.…
- National Research Act of 1974The National Research Act (Public Law 93-348) is the U.S. federal statute, signed into…
- National Science Foundation (NSF)An independent agency of the United States federal government, established by the…
- National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human ResearchAustralia's core ethics-governance document for research involving human participants,…
- Nature Author ContributionsNature's author contributions policy requires every submitted paper to include a…
- Nature Cancer’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Nature Cancer's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level…
- Nature Communications’ Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Nature Communications' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed,…
- Nature Medicine’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Nature Medicine's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level…
- Nature Portfolio AI PolicyNature Portfolio's AI policy is the set of editorial rules, published on nature.com and…
- Nature Portfolio Reporting SummaryA mandatory, standardized fillable-PDF form Nature Portfolio requires with manuscript…
- Nature’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Nature's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation…
- NCRIS (National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy)NCRIS (the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy) is the Australian…
- Negative Predictive Value (NPV)Negative predictive value (NPV) is the proportion of all negative test results that are…
- Negative result paperA peer-reviewed publication whose primary finding is that a tested hypothesis was not…
- NEJM AINEJM AI is a peer-reviewed monthly journal published by NEJM Group (a division of the…
- NELAC (National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference)NELAC (National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference) was the multi-state,…
- Net-30 Payment Terms and Vendor Account VerificationNet-30 payment terms allow a buyer to receive goods or services now and pay the full…
- Network Meta-Analysis (NMA)Network meta-analysis (NMA) is a statistical technique that estimates the comparative…
- Neuron’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Neuron's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level citation…
- New Approach Methodologies (NAMs)A technology or method (in vitro assay, organ-on-chip/microphysiological system, in…
- New Chemical Entity (NCE)A New Chemical Entity (NCE) is FDA's classification for a small-molecule drug substance…
- New England Journal of Medicine’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)The New England Journal of Medicine's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the…
O74
- OA Monitoring ExplainedThe systematic measurement and reporting of open-access publication uptake, compliance…
- OAI-OREOpen Archives Initiative Object Reuse and Exchange: a set of specifications,…
- OAI-PMHOpen Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting: a low-barrier HTTP/XML…
- OAIS Reference Model (ISO 14721)A conceptual framework, standardised as ISO 14721, that defines the functions,…
- Observer BiasObserver bias is a systematic distortion introduced by the person doing the observing,…
- OCAP PrinciplesThe First Nations principles of Ownership, Control, Access, and Possession, asserting…
- Odds Ratio (OR)An odds ratio (OR) is the ratio of the odds of an outcome occurring in one group to the…
- OECD AI PrinciplesThe OECD AI Principles are the first intergovernmental standard on artificial…
- OFAC List (SDN List)The "OFAC list" ordinarily refers to the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked…
- Offboarding (project)The structured process of transitioning a team member, or an entire project, out of…
- Office of Extramural Research (OER)The NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) is the National Institutes of Health's Office…
- Office of Sponsored Programs (OSP)The centralized institutional office (at a university, hospital, or research institute)…
- Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR)The Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR) is the Australian Government statutory…
- OHRP (Office for Human Research Protections)OHRP is the HHS office that oversees institutional compliance with the Common Rule (45…
- OIG ReportsAn OIG report is any audit, evaluation, investigation, or periodic report published by a…
- OIG Work PlanAn OIG Work Plan is the forward-looking list an agency's Office of Inspector General…
- OLAW (Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare)OLAW is the office within NIH's Office of the Director responsible for implementing and…
- OMB Compliance SupplementThe OMB Compliance Supplement is the annual publication, issued by the US Office of…
- Omitted Variable BiasOmitted variable bias (OVB) is the bias in a regression coefficient that occurs when a…
- Onboarding (project)The structured process of bringing a new member -- or, for a consortium partner, an…
- ONIX (ONline Information eXchange)An XML-based family of metadata standards, maintained internationally by EDItEUR (with…
- Open accessMaking peer reviewed scholarly content freely available via the Internet.
- Open access journalA journal that makes its articles immediately available online to the reader without…
- Open access mandateA policy requiring publication of research in an open access format. The research…
- Open access publication cost (grant-eligible)This term answers an eligibility question: which open-access publication costs —…
- Open Access Publishing FundAn open access publishing fund is a dedicated pool of money, typically administered by a…
- Open archiveA repository that is compliant with the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata…
- Open codeThe practice of releasing the source code used in a study, under an open-source licence,…
- Open dataThe practice of making research data freely available for any user to access, use,…
- Open Database License (ODbL)The Open Database License (ODbL) is a copyleft license from Open Data Commons (a project…
P176
- P-hackingP-hacking is the practice of exploiting flexibility in data collection, exclusion, or…
- P-ValueThe p-value is the probability of observing a result at least as extreme as the one found…
- P01 Grant (NIH Research Program Project Grant)A P01 (Research Program Project Grant) is an NIH activity code funding one award that…
- Packing Group I, II & III (Hazmat)A packing group is the DOT/UN three-tier severity classification (I = great danger, II =…
- Paediatric Investigation Plan (PIP)A Paediatric Investigation Plan (PIP) is the development plan a sponsor must agree with…
- Page chargeOne of a number of supplementary charges imposed by some journals to cover the cost of…
- Panel on Research Ethics (PRE)The Panel on Research Ethics (PRE), formally the Interagency Advisory Panel on Research…
- Paper millA commercial operation that produces fabricated or low-effort manuscripts and sells…
- Par Level (Inventory) in Clinical Supply ManagementA stocking quantity is a par level (rather than an arbitrary reorder habit) when it is…
- Parameter countThe total number of learnable scalar weights in a machine-learning model, conventionally…
- Parenthetical CitationAn in-text citation enclosed in parentheses that gives a source's identifying information…
- Participant Health LiteracyParticipant health literacy is the degree to which a prospective or enrolled research…
- Participatory researchResearch in which people affected by the topic under study — community members, patients,…
- Partner (grant consortium)A non-coordinator beneficiary in a multi-partner grant consortium, responsible for an…
- Partnership Development GrantA funding request qualifies as a SSHRC Partnership Development Grant when it is submitted…
- Pass-through entityUnder 2 CFR 200.1, a pass-through entity is a non-federal entity -- including a state,…
- Patent Continuation ApplicationA patent continuation application is any of a family of U.S. nonprovisional applications…
- Patent Eligibility Restoration Act (PERA)The Patent Eligibility Restoration Act (PERA) is proposed U.S. federal legislation — not…
- Patent Exhaustion DoctrinePatent exhaustion (the patent first-sale doctrine) holds that once a patent owner, or…
- Patent PoolA patent pool is an arrangement among two or more independent patent holders -- which can…
- Patent ProsecutionPatent prosecution is the administrative process of pursuing a patent grant from a patent…
- Patentability of Biological Subject MatterWhether a claimed invention involving a living organism, cell, or genetic/biological…
- Pathway to impactA mandatory, standalone section of UKRI grant applications, required from 2009 and…
- Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)Research being carried out 'with' or 'by' members of the public rather than 'to', 'about'…
- Patient Consent for Case Report PublicationThe written authorization a patient (or parent/guardian/legally authorized…
- Patient partnerA patient, carer, or member of the public who contributes lived experience to shaping…
- Patient-partner contribution (PPI)Substantive input from patients, service users, carers, or members of the public into the…
- PCT ApplicationA PCT application (formally, an "international application" under the Patent Cooperation…
- PDF/A (ISO 19005)A file is PDF/A-conformant only when it validates against one of the four parts of ISO…
- Peer ReviewA work is peer reviewed when, before publication, an editor sends it to one or more…
Q6
- QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Year)A QALY (quality-adjusted life year) is a health-outcome unit equal to one year of life…
- QDR (Qualitative Data Repository)The Qualitative Data Repository (QDR) is a domain repository dedicated to curating,…
- Qualitative Data Collection TechniquesA qualitative data collection technique is the specific, repeatable procedure a…
- Qualitative ResearchAn approach to research, not a single method, defined by four things holding together…
- Quantitative-qualitative balanceThe deliberate combination of metrics and expert qualitative judgement within a single…
- Questionable research practicesA questionable research practice (QRP) is a design, analysis, or reporting choice -- such…
R132
- R01 (NIH Research Project Grant)R01 (Research Project Grant) is NIH's most commonly used grant mechanism for an…
- R15 (NIH Academic Research Enhancement Award / AREA)The R15 Research Enhancement Award (activity code R15, most commonly encountered via its…
- R21 (NIH Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant)An NIH R-series research grant activity code — Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant…
- R25 Grant (NIH Education/Research-Related Grant)An NIH activity code for a research-education award, not a research-project grant: R25…
- R33 (NIH Exploratory/Developmental Grant)An NIH R-series research grant activity code that funds the second, expanded-development…
- R34 (NIH Planning Grant)An R34 is an NIH grant activity code for a Planning Grant: a time-limited, relatively…
- R4RI (Resume for Researchers / Royal Society narrative CV)R4RI (Résumé for Research and Innovation, also called Resume for Researchers or the Royal…
- R4RI mandate (UKRI 2024)The UK Research and Innovation policy, fully effective in 2024, requiring applicants and…
- Race Equality Charter (REC)The Race Equality Charter (REC) is an award-mark scheme run by Advance HE, the UK sector…
- Radiation Safety Committee (RSC)A Radiation Safety Committee (RSC) is an institutional oversight committee, required as a…
- RAiDResearch Activity Identifier, an ISO-standardised persistent identifier (ISO 23527) for a…
- Randomization Methods in Clinical TrialsA randomization method is the pre-specified, reproducible procedure by which a clinical…
- Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)A prospective clinical study design in which participants are allocated to two or more…
- RDA DMP Common StandardA community-developed application profile, maintained by the Research Data Alliance DMP…
- RDA FAIR Data Maturity ModelThe RDA FAIR Data Maturity Model is a common, community-endorsed set of indicators for…
- RDF triple storeA database management system specialised for storing and querying RDF (Resource…
- Re-evaluation cycleThe interval and criteria on which a researcher's, unit's, or output's contribution is…
- Re3data (concept)Registry of Research Data Repositories: a global registry, operated by DataCite and…
- Reach-Through RoyaltyA reach-through royalty is a licensing clause requiring the licensor of a research tool…
- ReactomeA free, open-access, manually curated database of human biological pathways, built on a…
- Read onlyOnline content or a system that can be viewed or downloaded by a user but not edited,…
- Read-and-Publish AgreementAn agreement between an institution or consortium and a publisher that bundles the costs…
- Real-World Evidence (RWE)Real-World Evidence (RWE) is clinical evidence about the usage, benefits, or risks of a…
- REC (Research Ethics Committee)A UK or EU committee constituted to provide an independent ethical opinion on a research…
- Red-teamingAdversarial testing in which people or models deliberately try to make an AI system…
- Redalyc: Open-Access Journal SystemA non-profit scientific information system, launched in 2002 and operated by UAEM Mexico,…
- REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture)REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) is a secure, metadata-driven, web-based…
- REF (Research Excellence Framework, UK)The UK's national exercise for assessing the quality of research in higher education…
- REF 2021The 2021 cycle of the UK Research Excellence Framework, whose results were published in…
- REF 2029The next planned cycle of the UK Research Excellence Framework, currently scheduled with…
S152
- Safety Data Exchange Agreement (SDEA)A Safety Data Exchange Agreement (SDEA) is a written contract between two or more legally…
- Safety Letter (Dear Investigator Letter)A Safety Letter — almost universally called a Dear Investigator Letter (DIL) in practice…
- Salami slicingSalami slicing (salami publication) is dividing the results of a single coherent study or…
- Sale-Leaseback (Equipment)An equipment sale-leaseback is a two-part transaction, executed together, in which an…
- SAM.gov (System for Award Management)SAM.gov is the U.S. federal government's official, GSA-operated registration and data…
- Sample repositoryA repository for physical research samples — geological, environmental, biological, or…
- Sampling Methods: Probability and Non-Probability Types ExplainedA sampling method is the defined procedure a study uses to select which members of a…
- SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research)A U.S. federal program, established by the Small Business Innovation Development Act of…
- SBIR Phase IIThe second stage of the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program: a full…
- SBIR/STTR Data RightsThe specific FAR/DFARS data-rights clause package (FAR 52.227-20 for civilian agencies,…
- Scale vs BalanceA scale is a general-purpose weighing instrument (commonly strain-gauge based) optimized…
- Scholarly Communication LibrarianA scholarly communication librarian is an academic or research library position focused…
- Scholarly LiteratureScholarly literature is the body of research output produced by subject-matter experts,…
- Scholarly MonographA scholarly monograph is a book-length, single-authored (occasionally co-authored, rarely…
- SciELO (concept)Scientific Electronic Library Online, an open-access publishing model and bibliographic…
- Science Advances Impact Factor (2026 Update)Science Advances' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level…
- Science Citation Index (SCI/SCIE)A journal is considered SCI/SCIE-indexed when it has been formally evaluated and accepted…
- Science Translational Medicine’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Science Translational Medicine's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed,…
- Scientific Advisory Board (SAB)An external, independent panel of subject-matter experts convened by a company, research…
- Scientific Data (journal)Scientific Data is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by Springer Nature…
- Scientific Data Management System (SDMS)A scientific data management system (SDMS) is laboratory software that automatically…
- Scientific Reports’ Journal Impact Factor (JIF)Scientific Reports' Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level…
- Scientific Review Committee (SRC)An institutional committee — distinct from the IRB — that reviews a research protocol’s…
- Scientific rigourThe strict application of the scientific method to ensure unbiased and well-controlled…
- SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) is a free, publicly available journal-prestige indicator…
- SciScoreSciScore is an automated text-mining tool from SciCrunch that scores a manuscript's…
- Scite (Smart Citations)Scite is a commercial citation-analysis platform whose core feature, Smart Citations,…
- SciValA subscription research-analytics platform, owned and sold by Elsevier, built on Scopus…
- Scope 1 / 2 / 3 emissions (research org)The categorisation of a research organisation's greenhouse-gas emissions following the…
- Scoping reviewA literature review that maps the breadth and nature of evidence on a broad topic —…
T68
- T32 (NIH Institutional Research Training Grant)A T32 is an NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA institutional research training grant: NIH funds…
- Task (Horizon Europe)A subdivision of a Horizon Europe work package, representing a specific activity with…
- TCET (Transitional Coverage for Emerging Technologies)TCET (Transitional Coverage for Emerging Technologies) is a CMS coverage pathway,…
- TCPS 2 Article 2.1 (REB Review Requirement)Article 2.1 of Canada's Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research…
- TCPS 2 Article 3.1 (Free and Informed Consent)TCPS 2 (the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans,…
- TCPS 2 Chapter 7 (Conflicts of Interest)TCPS 2 (the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans),…
- TCPS2 (Tri-Council Policy Statement)TCPS2 is the joint policy of Canada's three federal research funding agencies (CIHR,…
- TCPS2 Chapter 9 (Research Involving Indigenous Peoples)TCPS2 Chapter 9 is the section of Canada's Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS 2, 2022)…
- Te Mana RaraungaThe Maori Data Sovereignty Network in Aotearoa New Zealand, advocating for Maori rights…
- Teaching statementA teaching statement is a US academic job-market document, typically 1-2 pages, in which…
- Technical MetadataTechnical metadata is the category of metadata that documents the digital characteristics…
- Technical reportA scholarly document published by a research-performing organisation (a laboratory,…
- Technical staff contributionSubstantive technical work — laboratory technique, instrument operation, data…
- Technology Control Plan (TCP)An institutional document, developed and implemented by a research institution (typically…
- Technology Licensing Office (TLO)A Technology Licensing Office (TLO) is the name a research institution gives to its…
- Technology Readiness Level (TRL)A rating on a standardized 1-9 scale describing how mature a specific technology is, from…
- Technology TransferTechnology transfer is the formal process by which discoveries, inventions, data, and…
- TechRxivA manuscript counts as a TechRxiv deposit if it has been submitted to, and cleared the…
- Temperature Monitoring AlarmA temperature monitoring alarm is the notification component of a temperature monitoring…
- Termination (grant)The formal ending of a grant award before its scheduled end date, initiated by the…
- Textual PlagiarismTextual plagiarism is unattributed copying of another person's written words — as…
- TGA CTN and CTA (formerly CTX) SchemesThe CTN (Clinical Trial Notification) and CTA (Clinical Trial Approval, formerly called…
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was a completed (2006-2018), joint National Cancer…
- The Lancet’s Journal Impact Factor (JIF)The Lancet's Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is the Clarivate-computed, journal-level…
- Theory of changeAn explicit, testable map of how and why a research project, programme or intervention is…
- Therapeutic MisconceptionTherapeutic misconception is the failure of a research participant to understand that the…
- Thermal Cycler SpecificationsThermal cycler specifications are the documented set of performance parameters — block…
- ThesisA formal, original-research document that a student submits, and typically defends before…
- Tier II Reporting SoftwareTier II reporting software is compliance software purpose-built to compile a facility's…
- Time and Effort ReportingThe institutional system for documenting that salary and wages charged to, or cost-shared…
U27
- U01 (NIH Research Project Cooperative Agreement)U01 (Research Project Cooperative Agreement) is NIH's cooperative-agreement counterpart…
- U54 Grant (NIH Specialized Center Cooperative Agreement)A U54 (Specialized Center Cooperative Agreement) is an NIH activity code for a single…
- UK Data Service (concept)The UK Data Service is the UK's principal social and economic data infrastructure, funded…
- UK Stem Cell Bank (UKSCB)The single national repository, hosted by NIBSC (part of the MHRA) since 2003, that banks…
- UKRI Funding ServiceThe UKRI Funding Service is the single online platform (funding-service.ukri.org) that UK…
- UKRI PhD StipendThe UKRI minimum doctoral stipend is the annual, tax-free subsistence allowance UK…
- UKRIOThe UK Research Integrity Office, an independent advisory body providing confidential,…
- Umbrella ReviewAn umbrella review (overview of reviews) systematically identifies, appraises, and…
- Umbrella TrialAn umbrella trial is a clinical trial design in which multiple investigational therapies…
- Unallowable Cost (2 CFR 200)An unallowable cost under 2 CFR 200 is any expense that federal cost-principle rules bar…
- UnderspendThe condition in which a grant budget period ends with unspent funds, indicating actual…
- Undue foreign influenceThe exertion of pressure, control, or hidden incentives by a foreign government or its…
- Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMIs)Short, random or semi-random nucleotide sequences (typically 6-12 base pairs) added to…
- Universal waste disposal requirementsA waste item is subject to universal waste disposal requirements — rather than full…
- University Intellectual Property (IP) PolicyA university intellectual property (IP) policy is the formal, institution-wide governing…
- Unliquidated Obligations (ULO)An unliquidated obligation (ULO) is the portion of a federal award's obligated funds that…
- Updated project planThe revised project-planning document -- updated work packages, timeline, budget…
- UPIRSO (Unanticipated Problem Involving Risks to Subjects or Others)A UPIRSO is an incident, experience, or outcome in human subjects research that meets all…
- URNUniform Resource Name (RFC 8141), a URI of the form urn:NID:NSS where NID is a registered…
- USDA Covered SpeciesThe set of animal species that fall within the Animal Welfare Act's (AWA) statutory…
- USDA Research Security Training RequirementThe USDA Research Security Training Requirement is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's…
- Use cardA documentation artefact recording an intended deployment context for a model or system,…
- USP Class VI CertificationUSP Class VI certification is a designation that a specific plastic material or component…
- USPTO Office of Enrollment and Discipline (OED)The Office of Enrollment and Discipline (OED) is the office within the U.S. Patent and…
- USPTO Power of AttorneyA USPTO power of attorney is the written document by which a patent applicant or patent…
- Utility PatentA utility patent is a patent granted under 35 U.S.C. § 101 for a new and useful process,…
- UUIDUniversally Unique Identifier (RFC 4122 / ISO/IEC 9834-8), a 128-bit value rendered as 32…
V11
- VC Term SheetA VC term sheet is a short, non-binding document, proposed by a venture capital investor…
- Vendor Neutral Archive (VNA)A vendor neutral archive (VNA) is a medical-imaging storage architecture that ingests,…
- Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) is a supply-chain arrangement in which the vendor, not the…
- Version of record (VoR)The final, formally published version of a scholarly work as issued by the publisher —…
- Vertebrate Animals Section (VAS)The Vertebrate Animals Section (VAS) is the required narrative component of an NIH grant…
- Veterinary CytologyVeterinary cytology is the diagnostic technique of collecting, preparing, staining, and…
- Virtual conferenceA scholarly meeting held entirely online, with no physical venue or in-person attendance,…
- Visiting scholar agreementA written agreement between a host institution and a visiting researcher (and frequently…
- Vivli (concept)A non-profit, independent clinical-trial data-sharing platform that hosts a searchable…
- VIVOAn open-source semantic-web application and ontology developed by the VIVO community…
- Vulnerable Populations in ResearchA research participant or class of participants that 45 CFR 46 (the Common Rule) subjects…
W27
- W3C DCAT (Data Catalog Vocabulary)DCAT (Data Catalog Vocabulary) is a W3C Recommendation: an RDF vocabulary, published…
- w3id.org PURLA persistent URL hosted on the w3id.org domain by the W3C Permanent Identifier Community…
- Waiver Clause: Why Excusing One Breach Doesn’t Waive Future Enforcement RightsA waiver clause (also called a No Waiver or Non-Waiver clause) is a vendor-contract…
- Waiver of Informed Consent (45 CFR 46.116(f))A waiver of informed consent under 45 CFR 46.116(f) is an IRB determination that a study…
- WAME (World Association of Medical Editors)WAME (World Association of Medical Editors) is a nonprofit professional association of…
- Warranties and CovenantsIn a research agreement — a sponsored research agreement, grant or cooperative agreement…
- Washout PeriodIn a crossover clinical trial, a washout period is the interval deliberately built…
- Watermark Faculty Success (Digital Measures)A commercial faculty activity reporting (FAR) and faculty-lifecycle management platform,…
- Watermarking (AI output)The embedding of a statistical, cryptographic, or visible signal into AI-generated…
- Wearable Devices and Digital Health Technologies (DHTs) in Clinical TrialsA digital health technology (DHT) is defined by FDA as a system that uses computing…
- Web of ScienceWeb of Science is Clarivate’s citation-indexing and research-discovery platform, not a…
- What Is a DICOM Conformance Statement?A DICOM conformance statement is a vendor-published document, structured per DICOM PS3.2…
- What Is a Radiology Information System (RIS)?A radiology information system (RIS) is the software that manages a radiology or imaging…
- What Is A2LA? American Association for Laboratory Accreditation ExplainedA2LA (American Association for Laboratory Accreditation) is a US-based, nonprofit,…
- What Is ANAB? ANSI National Accreditation Board ExplainedANAB (the ANSI National Accreditation Board) is a US laboratory and certification-body…
- Whistleblower (research)A person who, in good faith, raises a concern about possible research misconduct, breach…
- White paperAn authoritative document — published by a government, industry body, or research…
- WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP)The WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), initiated in 2000 and…
- William T. Grant FoundationThe William T. Grant Foundation (WTGF) is a private, non-federal U.S. foundation,…
- Willowbrook Hepatitis StudyThe Willowbrook hepatitis studies were a series of nontherapeutic human-subjects…
- Withdrawal of consentThe exercise by a research participant of the right to revoke their consent to ongoing…
- Work Made for HireA work is a "work made for hire" under US copyright law (17 U.S.C. Section 101) when it…
- Work package (Horizon Europe)A defined sub-component of a Horizon Europe project that groups related tasks,…
- Workflow (as output)A computational workflow — a structured description of a multi-step analysis pipeline,…
- Workflow Language (CWL/WDL)A declarative specification language for describing multi-step computational analyses…
- Working paperA scholarly document circulated through an institutional working-paper series (such as…
- World Data System certificationWorld Data System certification refers to two different things depending on the period.…
X2
- Xeno-Free MediaXeno-free (XF) media is cell-culture medium formulated to contain no components derived…
- xTrainxTrain is the electronic module within NIH's eRA Commons system used to prepare, submit,…
Z1
- Zenodo (concept)A free generalist research repository operated by CERN and developed under OpenAIRE that…
Looking for a thematic view? Browse the 20 dictionary domains, or jump to the curated research data management glossary. All entries CC-BY 4.0.
