Large language model (LLM)

A neural-network model trained on large text corpora using self-supervised next-token prediction (or analogous objective), with parameter counts typically in the billions, capable of generating coherent text and performing a broad range of natural-language tasks without task-specific training.

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· Last updated 21 May 2026

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LLMs underpin most current generative AI writing tools (GPT family, Claude, Gemini, Llama, etc.). They differ from earlier task-specific NLP models in their scale and in-context learning ability. For disclosure purposes the relevant attributes are the model name, version, training-data cutoff, and whether retrieval augmentation or fine-tuning was applied.

References

Bommasani et al. 2021 ‘On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models’
Brown et al. 2020 ‘Language Models are Few-Shot Learners’

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JATS XML <role> element

xml

<role vocab="credit"
      vocab-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/"
      vocab-term="Large language model (LLM)"
      vocab-term-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/large-language-model" />

Schema.org DefinedTerm (JSON-LD)

json

{
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  "@type": "DefinedTerm",
  "@id": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/large-language-model",
  "name": "Large language model (LLM)",
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  "description": "A neural-network model trained on large text corpora using self-supervised next-token prediction (or analogous objective), with parameter counts typically in the billions, capable of generating coherent text and performing a broad range of natural-language tasks without task-specific training.",
  "inDefinedTermSet": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/domain/genai-disclosure#set",
  "url": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/large-language-model",
  "sameAs": [
    "LLM",
    "Foundation language model"
  ],
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "publisher": {
    "@id": "https://casrai.org/#organization"
  },
  "dateModified": "2026-05-21T01:54:31",
  "inLanguage": "en"
}

Large language model (LLM)

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Worked examples

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References

Use in your systems