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v2026.11,986 entries · CC-BY 4.0
NIKOLAI elementN5 · Evidence and evaluationsProposednikolai-v0.3

Elicitation budget

Definition

An elicitation budget is the amount of compute, tokens, attempts and time an evaluator gives an AI model during testing. A larger budget can reveal capabilities that a short, cheap test would miss, so results are comparable only when budgets are stated.

Also called: Compute budget, Evaluation budget

NIKOLAI's proposed operational definition

NIKOLAI proposal: the resources made available to draw out a model's capability in an evaluation, recorded as a property of the evaluation run: inference or test-time compute, token budget per attempt, number of attempts allowed, wall-clock time and evaluator time, together with a statement of whether the budget was set to match the resources of the threat actors in the relevant threat model.

The operational definition is CASRAI's own proposal, not a definition any named organisation has agreed to. See what NIKOLAI is and is not, or browse the AI safety glossary.

Examples

Examples from published documents

  • Anthropic found that giving Mythos 5 a 900,000-token budget instead of 300,000 tokens on its CoBench R&D evaluation improved scores by only about 3 percentage points (Anthropic Risk Report, August 2026, section 3.4.3)
  • The EU Code of Practice gives at least 20 business days as an appropriate evaluation period for most systemic risks and methods, and requires adequate compute budgets for long runs, parallel execution and re-runs (EU GPAI Code of Practice, Safety and Security Chapter, Appendix 3.4)
  • Microsoft states that resources applied to elicitation should be extrapolated to those available to the threat actors relevant to each tracked high-risk capability (Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework, p.6)

Counter-examples

Not to be confused with

  • The compute used to train a model is not an elicitation budget: it is fixed before testing, whereas the elicitation budget is what the evaluator spends at test time.

Related terms

Related AI safety terms

Terms defined under this element that are not NIKOLAI elements themselves, each as the cited document uses it. Every term is also listed in the AI safety glossary.

Token budget
A token budget is the maximum amount of text an AI model may read and generate during one evaluation attempt; Meta gives agents a budget up to the maximum context length or until performance plateaus.
Source: Meta Advanced AI Scaling Framework v2
Test-time compute
Test-time compute is the computation an AI model spends while answering, for example by reasoning for longer or sampling more candidate answers; raising it can raise scores, so evaluators adjust it during elicitation.
Source: EU GPAI Code of Practice, Safety and Security Chapter
Attempt budget
An attempt budget is the maximum number of tries an AI model is allowed on a task; under Google DeepMind's TAC score, one success within the allocated attempts counts the challenge as solved.
Source: Gemini 3.7 Flash FSF report

Source of record

Where this definition comes from

Crosswalk

How named organisations use this concept

Every row below is a shadow mapping. A shadow row is CASRAI's own reading of a published document. No lab, evaluator or regulator named on a shadow row has declared, endorsed, or been consulted on it. That changes only when an organisation files its own Mapping Declaration.
OrganisationTheir term, as publishedMatch & verificationSource
MetaShadow mapping
Meta Advanced AI Scaling Framework v2
“"Agents will be provided with a generous token budget, up to the maximum context length or to the point at which performance plateaus." (§4.2, p.27)”closeCL
confidence: high
Meta Advanced AI Scaling Framework v2
EUShadow mapping
EU GPAI Code of Practice, Safety and Security Chapter
“Elicitation "such as by adapting test-time compute, rate limits, scaffolding, and tools" (Appendix 3.2); teams get "adequate compute budgets" and time, e.g. "a period of at least 20 business days is appropriate for most systemic risks and model evaluation methods" (Appendix 3.4).”closeCL
confidence: high
EU GPAI Code of Practice, Safety and Security Chapter
MicrosoftShadow mapping
Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework
“"Resources applied to elicitation should be extrapolated out to those available to actors in threat models relevant to each tracked high-risk capability." (p.6)”closeCL
confidence: high
Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework
AnthropicShadow mapping
Anthropic Risk Report (August 2026)
“CoBench results are "from the best-performing of a number of scaffolds used", and "giving Mythos 5 a 900,000 token budget instead of the 300,000 token budget used in the figure above only improves scores by about 3 percentage points" (§3.4.3).”closeCL
confidence: high
Anthropic Risk Report (August 2026)
Google DeepMindShadow mapping
Frontier Safety Framework v3.1
“Evaluations use "appropriate scaffolding, inference compute, and other augmentations" (§1.3.2, p.5).”closeCL
confidence: medium
Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework v3.1
Google DeepMindShadow mapping
Gemini 3.7 Flash FSF report
“TAC score requires "only one success per challenge within the maximum allocated attempt budget" (p.17).”
Attempt budget only.
narrowNR
confidence: high
Gemini 3.7 Flash FSF report
OpenAIShadow mapping
GPT-5.6 deployment safety card
“Automated red-teaming for universal jailbreaks totalled "over 700,000 A100e GPU hours of compute effort" (§9.4.4).”
Compute effort for a red-team exercise rather than for a capability evaluation.
narrowNR
confidence: high
GPT-5.6 deployment safety card
What do these codes mean?
exact
The source term is equivalent to this element
close
The source term is close but not equivalent to this element
broad
The source term is broader than this element
narrow
The source term is narrower than this element
none
No mapping claim — used for false-friend and declared-but-undefined rows
EQ
Equivalent
CL
Close
BR
Source is broader than the element
NR
Source is narrower than the element
FF
False friend — same or similar label, different meaning
DU
Declared but undefined by the source
UV
Unverified

Related, not mapped

Pointers that are not crosswalk claims

These sources mention this concept but do not define or map it clearly enough to count as a crosswalk row — noted here so the research is visible without overstating it as a mapping.

  • OpenAI

    Elicitation uses the highest-capability tier of system settings and "the best presently-available scaffolds" to "approximate the high end of expected elicitation by threat actors" (§3.1) - a qualitative budget anchor without numbers.

    OpenAI Preparedness Framework v2

Divergence

Where sources materially disagree

Sources anchor the budget differently: Microsoft and the EU Code of Practice tie it to the resources of relevant threat actors, Meta to the point at which performance plateaus, Google DeepMind to an allocated attempt budget per challenge, and Anthropic reports a sensitivity check (tripling the token budget added about 3 percentage points)

Gap

The research did not find a requirement to report the budget as numbers alongside each result; most frameworks describe it qualitatively ('generous', 'adequate', 'appropriate')

Referenced across the research world

University of Cambridge logoColumbia University logoCrossref logoUniversity of Edinburgh logoHarvard University logoUniversity of Oxford logoPrinceton University logoStanford School of Medicine logoUniversity College London logoORCID logoUniversity of Cambridge logoColumbia University logoCrossref logoUniversity of Edinburgh logoHarvard University logoUniversity of Oxford logoPrinceton University logoStanford School of Medicine logoUniversity College London logoORCID logo
  • University of Cambridge logo
  • Columbia University logo
  • Crossref logo
  • University of Edinburgh logo
  • Harvard University logo
  • University of Oxford logo
  • Princeton University logo
  • Stanford School of Medicine logo
  • University College London logo
  • ORCID logo

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