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v2026.1714 entries · CC-BY 4.0
Dictionary termTrack AStablev2026.2

Acknowledgement (vs authorship for AI)

The convention, codified by ICMJE and COPE (2023), that AI tool use must be disclosed in the methods or acknowledgements section of a scholarly work rather than via the author byline or CRediT contributor list, because AI cannot satisfy authorship's accountability requirements.

ByCASRAI Editorial Board
· Last updated 21 May 2026

Examples

Worked examples

  • Is an instance

    A methods statement: 'ChatGPT-4 was used to draft initial code for data cleaning; all code was reviewed and tested by the authors.'

Counter-examples

Looks similar, but isn't

  • Not an instance

    Listing 'ChatGPT' in the CRediT contributor list as 'Writing — original draft' (rejected practice)

Editorial commentary

The acknowledgement-not-authorship rule has two consequences: (1) it precludes attempts to credit AI as a co-author; (2) it requires that AI use nevertheless be recorded transparently in a fixed location within the work. Acknowledging an AI tool does not transfer responsibility — the human authors remain accountable.

References

  • ICMJE Recommendations (2023 update)
  • COPE Position Statement on Authorship and AI Tools (2023)

Also known as

AI acknowledgement convention

Machine-readable encodings

Use in your systems

JATS XML <role> element
xml
<role vocab="credit"
      vocab-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/"
      vocab-term="Acknowledgement (vs authorship for AI)"
      vocab-term-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/acknowledgement-vs-authorship-for-ai" />
Schema.org DefinedTerm (JSON-LD)
json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "DefinedTerm",
  "name": "Acknowledgement (vs authorship for AI)",
  "identifier": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/acknowledgement-vs-authorship-for-ai",
  "description": "The convention, codified by ICMJE and COPE (2023), that AI tool use must be disclosed in the methods or acknowledgements section of a scholarly work rather than via the author byline or CRediT contributor list, because AI cannot satisfy authorship's accountability requirements.",
  "inDefinedTermSet": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/domain/generative-ai-use-and-disclosure/",
  "url": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/acknowledgement-vs-authorship-for-ai",
  "sameAs": [
    "AI acknowledgement convention"
  ],
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
}

Adopted by research universities worldwide

University of Cambridge logoColumbia University logoUniversity of Edinburgh logoHarvard University logoMassachusetts Institute of Technology logoUniversity of Oxford logoPrinceton University logoStanford School of Medicine logoUniversity College London logoUniversity of Cambridge logoColumbia University logoUniversity of Edinburgh logoHarvard University logoMassachusetts Institute of Technology logoUniversity of Oxford logoPrinceton University logoStanford School of Medicine logoUniversity College London logo
  • University of Cambridge logo
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  • University of Oxford logo
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