Examples
Worked examples
- Is an instance
The journal page of Frontiers in Microbiology displayed an Impact Factor of 5.8 and a CiteScore of 9.9 on 8 November 2026; a citation should add the JCR data year from Clarivate.
Editorial commentary
Quick answer: On 8 November 2026 the Frontiers in Microbiology journal page (frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology) displayed an Impact Factor of 5.8 and a CiteScore of 9.9. The page does not label the figure with a Journal Citation Reports data year or name the indexer behind it, so CASRAI does not assign it a year or a quartile. Treat 5.8 as the journal’s own display value and confirm the year in Clarivate’s Journal Citation Reports before you cite it.
Frontiers in Microbiology Impact Factor
Frontiers in Microbiology is a journal published by Frontiers. Its journal page lists indexing in Web of Science (Science Citation Index Expanded), Scopus and PubMed Central, and shows the two figures above next to its citation count. The page does not describe either figure further, so the only claims that can be made from it are the displayed values and the date they were read. Impact factors are year-specific: a number quoted without its JCR year cannot be compared with another journal’s.
For the journal’s scope and editorial model, see the CASRAI guide to Frontiers in Microbiology.
How the impact factor is calculated
Clarivate defines the Journal Impact Factor as a ratio. The numerator is the number of citations received in the JCR year by items the journal published in the previous two years. The denominator is the number of citable items the journal published in those two years. Clarivate also describes a five-year impact figure computed over a longer window.
In symbols, for JCR year Y: JIFY = CY / NY-1, Y-2, where CY is the count of citations in year Y to items from years Y-1 and Y-2, and N is the count of citable items from those two years. A value of 5.8 therefore means that, on average, each citable item in the two-year window was cited 5.8 times in the data year. It is an average over a skewed distribution, not a typical article’s count.
Impact Factor versus CiteScore
The Frontiers page shows both an Impact Factor (5.8) and a CiteScore (9.9). They come from different systems and use different rules, so the two numbers are not interchangeable and the gap between them does not indicate an error. Compare a journal’s figure only with figures of the same type, from the same year, in the same subject category.
Using the figure responsibly
Clarivate’s own guidance on the impact factor (clarivate.com/academia-government/essays/impact-factor, read 8 November 2026) states: “The impact factor should not be used without careful attention to the many phenomena that influence citation rates.” Its cautions include:
- Review articles tend to raise a journal’s figure.
- Citation rates differ between fields, so compare only within a subject category.
- A journal-level figure does not predict the citations of any single paper.
- It should be used alongside informed peer review, not in place of it.
For responsible-assessment context, see how other journals’ figures are described in the CASRAI terms for Frontiers’ impact factor, Frontiers in Immunology and PLOS ONE.
Sources
- Frontiers in Microbiology journal page and About page, frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology, read 8 November 2026.
- Clarivate, The Clarivate Impact Factor, clarivate.com/academia-government/essays/impact-factor, read 8 November 2026.
Machine-readable encodings
Use in your systems
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