In CRIS terminology, an entity representing a discrete product of research — a publication, dataset, software release, patent, performance, exhibition, or other recognised output — recorded with its own identifier, type, date, contributors, and relationships to people, organisations, and projects.

ByCASRAI Editorial Board

· Last updated 10 Jul 2026

Examples

Worked examples

Is an instance
A journal article output in Pure linked to its DOI, its authors' ORCID iDs, its host journal, its funder, and its repository deposit.
Is an instance
A dataset output in DSpace-CRIS linked to a DataCite DOI and the associated project.

Counter-examples

Looks similar, but isn't

Not an instance
A grant award is not a research output — it is a funding activity preceding outputs.
Not an instance
An internal seminar with no recorded artefact is not a research output in the CRIS sense.

Editorial commentary

Research output is the entity around which a CRIS most often interacts with the outside world: publications are harvested from Crossref, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed; datasets are linked from DataCite; software from GitHub or Software Heritage; outputs are deposited into institutional repositories; outputs feed national assessment exercises. The CRIS records the output once and projects it into many downstream consumers. Output typology is typically built on COAR Resource Types or on a national typology mapped to it.

References

COAR, 'Controlled Vocabulary for Resource Type Genres' (vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types).

Also known as

Output (CRIS)

Machine-readable encodings

Use in your systems

JATS XML <role> element

xml

<role vocab="credit"
      vocab-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/"
      vocab-term="Research output (CRIS)"
      vocab-term-identifier="https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/research-output-cris" />

Schema.org DefinedTerm (JSON-LD)

json

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "DefinedTerm",
  "@id": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/research-output-cris",
  "name": "Research output (CRIS)",
  "identifier": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/research-output-cris",
  "description": "In CRIS terminology, an entity representing a discrete product of research — a publication, dataset, software release, patent, performance, exhibition, or other recognised output — recorded with its own identifier, type, date, contributors, and relationships to people, organisations, and projects.",
  "inDefinedTermSet": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/domain/research-info-systems#set",
  "url": "https://casrai.org/dictionary/term/research-output-cris",
  "sameAs": [
    "Output (CRIS)"
  ],
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "publisher": {
    "@id": "https://casrai.org/#organization"
  },
  "dateModified": "2026-07-10T02:06:20",
  "inLanguage": "en"
}

Referenced across the research world

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