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v2026.1714 entries · CC-BY 4.0
Dictionary termTrack EStablev2026.2

Transformative agreement (TA)

A time-limited contract between an institution or consortium and a publisher designed to shift the financial flow from subscription-based payment for access to payment for open-access publication, with the intent of converting subscription journals to fully OA.

ByCASRAI Editorial Board
· Last updated 21 May 2026

Examples

Worked examples

  • Is an instance

    A consortium signs a 3-year TA that obligates the publisher to convert a flagship journal to full OA by year 3.

  • Is an instance

    Annual TA reporting includes percentage of journal titles flipped to OA and per-article cost.

Counter-examples

Looks similar, but isn't

  • Not an instance

    A TA renewed for a decade without any titles flipping to OA.

  • Not an instance

    A TA labelled 'transformative' but with no transparency obligations.

Editorial commentary

Transformative agreements (TAs) include Read-and-Publish, Publish-and-Read, and similar variants. Plan S endorses TAs as a transitional route until a publisher's titles flip to fully OA, on conditions including price transparency, an articulated transition plan with milestones, a clear end date (originally 31 December 2024 for cOAlition S funding eligibility), and reporting via the ESAC registry. Following 2024 review, cOAlition S announced the end of dedicated Plan S funding for TAs after 2024, with implications for ongoing negotiations. TAs have proliferated globally, but evidence of actual journal flipping remains mixed.

References

  • ESAC Initiative. cOAlition S 'Towards Responsible Publishing' 2023 statement. Hinchliffe LJ 'Transformative agreements: A primer' 2019.

Also known as

TA · Transformative deal

Machine-readable encodings

Use in your systems

JATS XML <role> element
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Schema.org DefinedTerm (JSON-LD)
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Adopted by research universities worldwide

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